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* KIBIN. 521 KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE. are built here. Kirin is called by the Chinese Ch'uen Chang, or 'Navy-yard.' There is a mint here which Uinis out silver doHars and subsidiary silver coins. The population is estimated at 90,000. KIRIRI, kf-iv'rd. See Cariri. KIRIIT, kere'oa. A town of Japan. See KiKYU. KIBJATH-SEPHER^ ker'jath-se'fer. Ac- cording to Joshua XV. 15 (z= Judges i. 11), the older name of a Canaanitish town, which the Hebrews called Debir. It was located in the liill country of Jiidali, and an attempt has been made to identify it rvitli the modern ed-Dahariyeh, four or five hours southwest of Hebron. The identification is doubtful. Kirjath-Sepher, ex- plained as a Hebrew name, means 'Book-City,' and the fact has given rise to much speculation. It has been claimed that the city contained the public records of the Canaanites or of earlier history, or was the location of a great library. Such cLiims, and theories based on them, must be considered fanciful, even if the name be of Hebrew origin, wliieh is by no means certain. Consult Moore. Conimcntarn on JikUjch, pp. 2.5-27 (New York, 1805), and Cheyne's article "Kir- jath-Sepher" in Encijclopcedia Biblia, vol. ii. KIRK, kerk, Edward Norrls (1802-74). .. American Presbyterian clerg^'man. He was born in New York City. August 14, 1S02; graduated at Princeton in 1820; and, after studying law for eighteen months, entered the theological school at the same place, graduating in 182.5. He was em- ployed for some time as an agent of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and in 1828 became pastor of a newly organized Presbyterian church in Albany, N. Y. In 1830 he liecame secretary of the American and Foreign Evangelical Society; in 1S42. pastor of the newly organized TInunt Vernon Congregational Church in Boston, where he jireached until 1871, w'hcn ill health compelled him to retire from active ser- vice. In 1856 he visited Paris, as an agent of the .mcrican and Foreign Christian Union, to establish Protestant worship there. His style of preaching was fervent and pungent, and he was unusually successful in developing and di- recting what are known as revivals. He died March 27, 1874. Consult his life by Mears (Bos- ton, 1877). KIRK, Ellen Warner Olney (1842—). An American novelist, sometimes writinff under the pen-name 'Harry Hayes.' born at Southington, Conn., November 0, 1842. Mrs. Kirk is the daughter of Jesse Olney. the geographer, and the wife of .lohn Foster Kirk (q.v.). She was mar- ried in 1879. and settled in Germantown, Pa. Her novels deal chiefly with Eastern .American life, which they picture in a readable manner. Her principal books are: Lore in I(Ueness(lS7G) ; Tliromih Winding ^'al|s (1870); A Lesson in Lore (1881): A Midsummer Madness (1884); The Sfori/ of Margaret Kent (I8S) ; flons and Daughters (1887) : Queen Money (1.S8S) ; Better Times (1880), a volume of short stories; A Daughter of Ere (1889): Walford (1801); Ciphers (1891); Maidens Choosing (1892); The Storji of Lawrenee Garth (1895) : ,4 Reiolution- ari/ Lore fitorg (1898) : Dorothg Dean (1899) ; Dorothy and Tier Friends (1900); Our Lady Vanity (1901) ; .1 Ifemedy for Lore (1902). KIRK, John Foster ( 1824— ) . An American bil)liographcr and historian, born at Frcderieton, N. B.', ilareli 22, 1824. Kirk was educated at Halifax and Quebec, came in 18-12 to Boston, and was secretary of the historian W. U. Prescott from 1847 to 1859, accompanying him to Europe. Then and afterwards he contributed frequently to the North American Review and the Atlantic Monthly. From 1870 to 1886 he edited Lippin- cott's Magazine, and then became lecturer on European history in the University of Pennsyl- vania (1885-88).' He wrote a llistorii of Charles the Hold (.3 vols., 180.3-68), edited the Works of V. II. Prescott (1870-74), and compiled a supplement to Allihone's Dictionary of Authors (1891). KIRK'BRIDE, Thomas Story (1809-8.3). An American neurologist, born in Morri.sville, Pa. He graduated from the nicuieal department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1832, and became in the same year resident physician to the Friends' Asylum for the Insane at Frankfort. In 1833 he va.s apjioinled to the ward for the insane in the Pennsylvania Hospital in Phila- delphia. Upon the establishnu'nt of the new Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, he was made its first superintendent. He raised more than -$350,000 for a hospital for male patients, which was completed in 1859. He was the first physician in the country to place the se.xes in se])arate institutions, and in bis annual reports made many suggestions for the improvement of hospital construction and organization. He pub- lished Rules and Regulations of the l'ennsylr<inia Huspital for the Insane (1850): The Construc- tion, Organization, and General Management of Hospitals for the Insane (1854) ; and Appeal for the Insane (1854). KIRKCALDY, kOr-ka'dl. A seaport and mar- ket town in Kifesliire, Scotland, on the Firth of F(u-tli, 15 miles north of Edinburgh (Map: Scot- land, E 3). Its indu.stries are the spinning of tlax, tow-, and jute, the bleaching and weaving of linen yarns, mechanical and marine engineering, iron-founding, and the manufacture of floor-cloth and wax-clotli ('linoleum' l . Its harbor and wet dock accommodations ;ire commodious: it has an important coasting trade and direct export trade with the United States; this country is rcpre- .sonted b}- a consular agent. Its chief exports are coal, coke, and ))atent fuel; its imports, timber, paper-making materials, cottonseed, flaxseed, llax. stone, cork, etc. With its suburbs it ex- tends for nearly four miles, and is called the 'lang town.' it has numerous ecclesiastical, mu- nicipal, and educaticmal institutions; and an ample water-supply by gravitation, to which the town owes much of its prosperity. Kirkcaldy is mentioned as early as 1176. ami was created a royal burgh in 1456. It was the birthplace of Adam Smith, airtluu' of the Wealth of Xations. Population of p..li.i- Inngb. in 1901. 34,064. KIRKCUDBRIGHTSHIRE, ker-koo'brlsh.-.r. A county in the southern division of Scotland, boiinded north and northeast by the counties of Ayr and Dumfries, east and south by the Sol- way Firth and the Irish Sea. and west by the County of Wigton (Map: Scotland. D 4)". Its area is 898 square miles, of which a large part is under rotation of crops and grass The rest is composed of hilly and mossy ground and lakes. Creat attention is paid to the rearing