Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/570

* KINO. 516 KIOTO. diarrhoea (especially when a flux seems to be kept lip by want of tone in the intestinal capil- laries), the best mode of prescribing it being as compound kino powder, which is a mixture of kino einnanioii. and opium, the dose for an adult ranging from ten grains to a scruple. The medicinal tincture of kino forms an excel- lent gargle for the relaxation of the uvula ; it contains kino, glycerin, alcohol, and water. Kino is eniployed to a considerable extent in the East Indies as a cotton-dye, giving to the cotton the yellow i>li-l)i own color known as nankeen. KINROSS'-SHIRE'. The second smallest county cif Scut land, lying between the counties of Perth' and Kile (.Map: Scotland. E 3). Area, 73 square miles. It is well cultivated: coal occurs at Lochgelly. Capital, Kinioss. Population, in 1801, OTOO^ in 1851, 9000; in 1891, 6673; in 1901, 7000. KINSALE'. A seaport town and summer re- sort ol County Cork, Ireland, picturesquely situ- ated at the head of Kinsale Harbor, on the Ban- don estuary, 14 miles southwest of Cork (Map: Ireland, C 5). It is partly built on the slope of Compass Hill, and has steep, irregular streets. It dates from the Norse invasion; llie chief event of its long and interesting history was its cap- ture by the Spaniards in 1001. and the two months' siege they sustained in 1602 before yielding to the English. Population, in 1901, 4250. KIN'STON. A town and the county-.seat of Lenoir County, N. C, 80 miles southeast of Raleigh: on the Xcuse River, and on the Atlantic Coast Line and the Atlantic and North Carolina railroads (Map: North Carolina. E 2). It has the Rhodes Military Institute. The city is sur- lounded by a productive agricultural section, largely devoted to tobacco cultivation, and is an important tobacco market with several large warehouses, packing establishnicnts, stemmeries, etc. There are also cottnn-mills. carriage and wagon works, a turpentine distillery, foundry and machine-shops, lumber-mills, knitting-mills, and manufaclurcs of boxes, barrels, sliingles, etc. the electric light plant is owned by the mu- nicipality. Population, in 1890, 1726; in 1900, 4106. KINTYRE, kin-tir'. A peninsula in Scot- land. See C.XTIRE. KINZIE, I<in'zr. ,TonN (1763-1828). An American idoncer, born in the city of Quebec, Canada. He was placed at a very early age in straitened circumstances by the death of his father, left his home when a boy of ten. and went to New York City. After a wandering life, during which he traded with the Indians in the West and Mi.ldle West, he finally settled in Illi- nois on the site of the city of Chicago, where he Iniilt a trading station, the first permanent set- tlement of a white man at that point. Consult Kinzie. Woii-biiv. or the Earhj Dny in the North- west (New York, 1856). KIOTO, k.'-r/tn (Chin., capital), or KYOTO, also c:illcd Mi.KO, MiYAKO, Saikio. Saikvo. One of the three fii cities of .Japan, and the capital of the country from the year 794 until 1868. when the shogunate was abolished, and the Mikado and his Court removed to Yedo (Tokio). The citv stands on the island of Hondo, in lati- tude 35° N., and longitude 135° 30' E., in a fer- tile plain, bordered on three sides by moderately high mountains, near the centre of the Province of Yamashiro. It is 47 miles by rail from Kobe via Osaka on the coast, and 329 from Tokio (Map: Japan D 6), and is also connected by rail with Tsuruga on the Sea of Japan on the north, and westward 302 miles with Shimonoseki (q.v.), where the island of Hondo approaches Kiushiu. The city, which is unwalled, is traversed from north to south by the Kamogawa. which divides it into two unecpial parts. The larger and more important part lies along the right bank of the river, the wide shingly lx>d of which is nearly dry except in the rainy season. The smaller and more picturesque part, where are found most of the hotels patronized by foreign- ers, rises gradually from the left bank to the wooded steelier slopes and spurs of the range of mountains, where many of the more famous temples and ])lac<'s of interest are situated. In general the plan of the city ditfers but little from that of 794, which Kuwammu, its founder, called Hci-nn-jo, 'the city of peace' It is .about four miles in length from north to south, and two and one-half in breadth, and is laid out with mathe- matical regularity. The streets are wide, well kept, neat, and clean. In the northeast part is the (Jo-Sho or 'Imperial Palace,' which with its fine gardens, in true .Japanese taste, covers 26 acres. The buildings are of wood, and arc char- acterized iiy a certain quiet elegance which is peculiarly .Japanese. They contain many tine paintings by Japanese artists, and much fine carving. To the southwest of this is the Nijo, the castle of the Shogun, built in 1601, and now the seat of the city government. Though one of the gayest of cities, Kioto is a great religious centre,' and temples and shrines abound. Shinto (q.v.) claims 93. and Buddhism about 950. In the southern ]iart of the city are the Eastern and Western Hongwan-ji. the headquarters of the Shin sect, whose temples arc noted for their great size, their magnificence, and their accessi- bility. On the eastern hills are many fine temples, such as the Chi-on-in and the San-ju-san-gen-Do. In this neighborhood is also found a large nioimd — the Mimidzuka — containing the ears and noses of the Koreans slain in the wars of Ilideyoshi (1592-98). To the northeast of the Imperial palace on the way to Otsu. at a height of 2000 feet, and overlooking Lake Biwa. are the famous Buddhist monasteries of Hiyei-zan, founded about A.D. SOO. and intended originally to shield the palace from the evil influences of the north. Kioto is the centre of many art industries. Here the finest silks, crapes, velvet, brocades, and embroideries, porcehiin, eloisonm' enameled ware, bronzes, etc.. arc produced, (he manufacture giv- ing employment to thousands of skillccl hands. Much Satsuma and other ware is brought here to be decorated. I'nder the city government is an. industrial department for the promotion of the industrial arts, established in 1870. which in- cludes experimental gardening, an experimental farm, a weaving department where foreign looms are used, a physical and chemical department, a female industrial school, a pauper industrial school, a shoemaking establishment, etc. Kioto is the seat of an Imperial university, with colleges of law. medicine, and engineering, sup- ported by the Oovernment. and under the aus- pices of the .merican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions is a college of gooil standing called the Doshisha, where theology is also taught