Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/553

* KING. 501 KING. 1879, and 1S85, requiring the use of the official ■penalty enveloi)e," were passed mainly through his activity. His publications include Turning on the Light: A /S'urrcj/ uf the Administration of Uiichanaii. KING, John Alsop (1788-1867). An Ameri- can politician. Governor of New York in 1857- 09. He was born in >fev "York City, whither his father, Rufus King (q.v. ), had removed from Massachusetts. He was educated at Harrow, England. Returning to New York, he studied law, was admitted to tlie bar, and practiced up to the outbreak of the War of 1812, in which he served as an officer of the Xew York State militia. After the war he established himself on a farm at Jamaica, L. 1., and from 1819 to 1823, when he was chosen State Senator, was a member of the State Assembly. During his whole tenn in the Legislature, although opposed to De Wilt Clinton, he was a warm champion of the Erie Canal. In 182.5 he went as secretary of legation to England with his father, who had been appointed by President .John Quincy Adams Minister to the Court of Saint .James's for a second time, and on his resignation on account of ill health in 182(j, remained in London until the appointment of a successor, as charge d'affaires. After serving several more terms in the New Y'ork Legislature he was in 1848 elected as a Whig to the Thirty- first Congi-ess. in which he vigorously opposed Clay's compromise measures. In ISij.j he pre- sided at the Syracuse (X. Y'.) Convention of the Republican Party, with which he was thenceforth associated. In 1850 he was a delegate to the Re- publican Convention at Philadel|)hia, and from 1857 to 1859 was Governor of the State of New Y'ork. He was a Lincoln elector in 1800, and a member of the Peace Convention (q.v ) in 1801. KING, John Edward (1858—). An English philologist and teacher, born at Ash. .Somerset. He was educated at Clifton College, Bristol, and Lincoln College, Oxford, and in 1891 he became high master of Manchester Grammar School. He wrote bounds and Inflexions in (Ireelc and Latin, with Cookfon (1888), and a Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin (1890). KING, Jonas (1792-1869). An American missionarv. He was born at Hawlev, Mass., Julv 29, 1792. "educated at Williams College and -And- over Seminary, and engaged in home mission work. To prepare himself for the foreign field he studied .4rabic in Paris under De Sacy. From 1822 till 1828 he held the position of professor of Oriental languages in Amherst (^ollege, but during the years 182.S-25 traveled in the East distributing liil)lrs and preaching. In 1828 he went to Greece, where his missionary labors at first met with much success. Later he aroused the hostility of the (Jreek Church, was several times tried on charges of reviling religion and the Church, and even brought in danger of his life. He died at Athens. May 22. 1809. His miscel- laneous works in Greek were published at Athens (1859-00). In English he wrote The Oriental Chureh and the Latin (1805). Consult his life by F. E. H. H. (New York, 1879). KING, Peter, first Lord Kino (1669-1734). An Knglish lawyer and politician, cousin of .John Locke. He was born in Exeter, was educated at the University of Leyden. began the study of law in 1094. and was p.iUod to the bar in 1698. He entered Parliament in 1701 as member for Becralston in Devonshire, and became promi- nently identilicd with the Whig Party. In 1708 he was knighted, in 1714 was made Chief Justice of Common Pleas, and in 1715 became a mem- ber of the Privy Council. He was appointed Speaker of the House of Lords early in 1725, and presided at the trial of his predecessor, the Earl of JIacclesfield; was made Lord King and Baron of Ockham in Jlay of the same year, and in .June became Lord Chancellor. As judge of Common Pleas he had gained a reputation for impartiality and wide legal learning, but the transfer from a civil court to one of e(|uity showed him deficient in the details of chancery law; and his inattention to the cases brought before him and delay in handing downi decisions were in complete harmony with the traditions of English chancery proceedings. He resigned in 173.'{, owing to a stroke of paralysis. He de- livered several decisions which established prin- ciples in equity, was a fellow of the Royal So- ciety, and published: An Enquiry into the Consti- tution, Diseiplinc, Unit;/, and Worship of the I'riniitive Cliurch (1091; 2d ed., enlarged, 1712) ; and*A History of the Apostles' Creed (1702). Consult: Campbell, Lives of the Lord Chancellors (London, 1858), and Welsby. Lives of Eminent English Judges (London, 1846). KING, Peter, seventh Lord (1770-1833). An English economist, who became Baron of Ockham, Surrey, in 1793. He was educated at Eton and Cambridge, entered the House of Lords in 1797. voted with the Whig Party, and spared no pains to get at the root of all matters relating to the currency. His Thoughts on the Effects of the Battle Restrictions (1804) was a plea for specie payments which he tried to enforce upon his own estates; and in behalf of Catholic eman- cipation he wrote Oti the Conduct of the British Govniment Toimrds the Catholics of Ireland (1807), while his opposition to the Corn Laws is witnessed by A Short History of the Job of •fobs (1846). published posthumously. Lord King also produced a Life of John Locke, with Extracts from His Correspondence, Journals, and Commonplace Books (2 vols., 1830; Bohn's edi- tion. 1858). KING, Philip Parker (1793-1856). A Brit- ish naval ollicer and hydrographer, born on Nor- folk Island, in the Pacific. He entered the ser- vice wlicn fourteen years old. and was lieutenant aboanl the Trident in 1814. Three years after- wards he was intrusted with an important sur- vey, which occupied him five years, and resulted in the marking of an improved route between the Torres Strait and Sydney, and in the publication of King's Narratire of the Survey of the Inter- tropical and Western Coasts of Australia (2 vols.. 1827). for which he was made an honorary fellow of the Royal Society. His charts, which have been widely used, were issued by the .Vd- miralty Ilydrographic Department in 1825. In command of the idventure. accompanied by the Beagle, commanded by Capt. Robert Fitzroy. he spent four years (1820-30) in making charts of the southern coast of South America, and on his return published Sailing Directions to the Coast.i of Patagonia. He also wrote the second vol- ume of the Tot/aqes of the Adventure and the Bearjle (3 vols.. 1839), the other volumes of which were written by Robert Fitzroyand Charles Darwin. King retired to Sydney. New .South Wales, became a legislative councilor, manager