Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/545

* KIMBEBLEY. 495 KINCAID. KIMBERLEY, kim'ber-li. A town of Cape Colony, Suutli Africa, the capital of Uriiiua- land csl, near tlic Ironlicr uf lliu Uranyu Jlivcr L'uluny, oW niilcs by rail northeast of Capo Town, and nearly -l.OUO feet above the sea (ilap: Cape Coloiiy, J 0). Jt has line public buildings, a Irec library, l)otanical gardens, a good system of water-works supplied from the 'aal River, and is lighted by electricity. Kimberley, foui.ded in 1871. owes its existence to the extensive dia- mond-mines situated in its vicinity. It is one of the chief seats of this valuable industry, and is al»o an important intermediate tradini; station between Ca])e Colony and the interior (jf Africa. iJuring the Sontli African War Kimljcrley was dufended by the British troops iinder Colonel KeUc- wich, and from October 15, ISO!), withstood a siege of 122 days by the Boers until relieved by General Fiench on l-'ebruarv 15. 1900. Popula- tion, in 1881, 13,000; in 18U1, 28,718, including ]2,(i.'i8 whites. KIMBERLEY. The northern division of West Auslralia. It is a fertile, pastoral region, watered by the Ord and Fitzroy rivers, and has productive gold-fields, discovered in 1884. KIMBERLEY, .John Wodehouse, Karl of ( 182ii 1IMI2 I. All English statesman, born in London. He was educated at Eton and Clirist Church, Oxford; succeeded his grandfather as third Haron Wodeliousc before he had attained his iiiajcirity. and twenty years afterwards was made Earl of Kimberley. He entered public life in 1852, as Under Secretary of State for Foreign Alfairs, a position he held until 1801, with an intermission of a Russian embassy (1850-58). In 1803 he was an envoy to Copenhagen in con- nection with the Schleswig-Holstein affair, and the following year was appointed Under Secre- tary at the India Ofliee. He was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1804-(i0) under Lord .John Russell, and GhuUtone made him Lord I'rivy Seal I 1S08- 70) and Secretary of State for the Colonics (1870-74 and 1880-82). He was Secretary of State for India in 1882-80. and again in 1802-94, until aj)priinted Foreign Secrctaiy in I^ord Rose- bery's Cabinet (1804-05). In 1802 he was ap- pointed Lord President of the Council, five years afterwards took the leadership of the Liberal opposition in the House of Lords, and in 1809 was made clianccllor of London University. KIMCHI, kim'ke. A family of Hebrew schol- ars of the Middle Ages. The most famous mem- ber of the family is Pavid Kimciii (generally quoted by the initials of his name, RaDaK — i.e. Rabbi David Kimclii) . who was liorn at Narbonne aliout 1100, and lived until about 12.'!5. His achievements were chielly in the field of biblical exegesis and Hebrew grammar. His merit lies not in originality, but in the oxeellence of his compilations, in consc<]nence of which his works exercised a great influence upon his successors. In his grammatical exposition he f(dlows largely Ibn .Tanach (q.v.). but he wrote exclusively in Hebrew. His grammar and lexicbinical Bibles, containing the Hebrew text with selected commentaries. The most important of lliem is a eomnienfary on the propheticil books. A new edition of his eonimentarv on the Psalms was begun by Scliiller-Szinessv, but only the first part appeared (Cambridge, 1882). An edition ot his commentary on Genesis appeared at Pressburg in 1842. lu the great ilaimonides controversy (see .l.iMoNil)Es) Kimchi was on the side of JIaimouides. Consult Tauber, Utand- punkl und Leintiiiiy des U. hacid Kimchi uls (Iru)iiinutiker (Breslau, 1807). — Kimchi's father, ■JcsEi'ii (nourished 1150-70), gave the impetus to .Jewish culture in Southern France, whither he emigrated from Spain. He wrote biblical com- mentaries and grammatical treatises. Of his commentaries there have Ijeeii preserved only those on Proverbs and .Job, which have been pub- lished, and a commentary on the Song of Songs, which is unpublished. His gramnialical works have been edited by Bacher and Matthews (Ber- lin, 1888). — David's older l)rolher, MosES (flour- ished 1170-90), also engaged in .studies similar to those of his father and brother. A compen- dium of Hebrew grammar comiiilcd by him en- joyed great jiopularity by reason of its simplicity and brcvil}-, and was published in a numlier of editions. It first ai)i)earcd in 1508. The edition of 1540 (Venice) was publislied by Elias Levita, who ad<led a commentary that has since then generally ap])eared in the editions of the gram- mar. Of his biblical commentaries (marked by brevity and dryness) only those to Job, Proverbs, and Ezra and Xehcmiah are known. KIMPOLUNG, kem'po-lung. A town of Ru- mania. See C'AMl'ULLXG. KIN (AS. cynn, Goth. 7,i(iii, OHG. chunni, kindred: connected with Olr. cine, Lat. genus, Gk. 7^yos, Lith. yumas, Skt. janu, race, kind, from ji.in, to beget), Xext of. In English and American law, those who are so related by ties of consanguinity to a decedent as to be entitled to share in the distribution of his personal estate. The phrase does not, therefore, eomjirehend all who may be entitled to participate under statutes of distribution, as a wife, who is not of her hus- liand's kin: nor all those who are related by ties of blood, but only those whose blood-relation- ship is in the ne.xt order of consanguinity to the decedent. Next of kin are also to be distin- guished from heirs, or those in the order of con- sangiiinity to whom the real ])ro|)erty of an in- testate will pass by descent. These are, indeed, always next of kin, but they do not necessarily include all who answer that description. By the common-law canons of descent, under which the male descendant is preferred to the female, and, among males of equal degree, the eldest to those who are younger, a single member of the class constituting the next of kin may become the sole heir. In the LTniteil States, however, where those rules have been abolished, the next of kin are generally the same as the heirs at law. See Adminlstratiox: Coxsaxgcimty ; Descent; Di-STKiniTiox ; Heir. KIN'CAID, Ei-oEXio ( 170S-188.3). An Ameri- can mi-^-ic'iiary. born at Wcsttield. Conn. He was educated at Hamilton Literary and Theolog- ical Institution, now Colgate University, and subsequently held charges at Galway, X. Y., and Milton. Pa. His niissionary career began in 1830 with his appointment to Burma, and his stations in that field were Rangoon. .va, and Prome. .fter twelve years in Burma, he returned to the T''nited .'States, and until 1854 labored faithfully and efficiently to create more interest in foreign missionary work. In 1854 he