Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/541

* KILLIGREW. 491 KILN. the naval lists as an officer on half pay (1097 S(i4.(. KILLIGREW, Thomas (1012-83). An Eng- lish diiuiiatist, son of Sir Robert Killigrew, born in London. He was ajipointed in 1033 page to Charles 1.; traveled on the Continent; wasMnade groom to the bedchamber of Charles 11. and clianiborlain to the Queen. Killigrew is closely connected with the revival of the drama after the Kestoration. In 1000 Cliarles II. granted him a patent to build a new theatre and raise a com- pany of players. Killigiew accordingly formed the company of the King's servants and built the I heat re Koyal, subsequently known as Drury Lane. His own plays, some of which were writ- ten before the Civil War, were printed in 1004. tif. them only one is of interest, The Purson's W editing (lirst performed perhaps as early as 10.37 I. It is reprinted in Dodsley's Old Plays. KIL'LINGLY. A town, including several vil- lages, in indhara County, Conn., 25 miles north by east of Xorwich; on the Quinebaug and Five Mile rivers, and on the Xew England Railroad (liap: Connecticut, H 2). It has the Danielson High .School, and Danielson Public Library : and manufactures cotton and woolen goods, hosiery, mill supjdies. shoes, harness, etc. Population, in ISIIO. 7027; in 1900, 0S35. Killingly was set- tled in 10i)3. and was known as Aspinock until 17US. wlien it was incorporated under its present name. In liS30 it was said to be the greatest cotton-manufacturing town in the State. Consult Bavles, History of Windham County, Conn. (Xew York, 1889). KIL'LINGTON PEAK. The second highest elevation of the Green Jloinitains in Vermont (ila]): Vermont, C 7). It is nine miles east of Rutland: its height is 4241 feet, and it is a con- spicuous landmaik, affording a fine view from the summit. KILMAINHAM, kilina'nam. A western suburb of Dublin. Ireland, and a township of Dublin County. Population, 0500. Here is situ- ated Kihnainham Hospital, an establishment for tlie recejjtion of wonmled and pensioned sol- diers, originally founded by King Charles II., and conducted on similar principles to the sister instiintion, Chelsea Hospital ((|.v.). Kihnain- ham Hospital is maintained by an annual Parlia- mentary grant, and provides for upward of 250 veterans and otfiiers. X'ear the hospital is Kil- niainham jail, where Parnell was confined in 1SS2. 'The Treaty of Kihnainham" was an alleged agreeniont between Gladstone and Parnell, acc(U<ling to which Parnell promised to exert his inllueiice ngainst the commission of agrarian crime in Ireland. n]ion condition that Gladstone secured the introduction into Parliament of a legislative measure affecting the Land Act of 1S81. KILMAE'NOCK. The largest town in Ayr- shire. Scotland, on the Kilmarnock. 12 miles north-northeast of Ayr (^lap: Scotland. D 4). It has large ensineering establishments, woolen mills, carpet manufactories, machine-shops, blast- furnaces, calico-printing works, tanneries, and distilleries. It has endowed schools, numerous churches, and a public park, which contains a museiun of Burns's relics and an elaborate monu- ment to the ]ioct. whose first work was published in Kilmarnock. The town owns its gas-works. The neighborhood is rich in coal and iron, and Vol. XI.— .■«. its dairy produce is extensive. The largest cheese show in Scotland is held here, the value of the exhibits generally amounting to about 35,000 pounds sterling. Population, in 1891, 28.447. Consult McKay, History of Kilmarnock (Kilmar- nock, 1848). KILN, kil (AS. cyln, cylene, from Lat. cul- iiiii. kitchen). A furnace, oven, or other device for burning, baking, or drying brick, charcoal, pottery, or other materials, generally at a high uniform heat. They are made of stone, brick, or iron. They may be divided into interniittent and continuous kilns. An intermittent kiln is one in which the fire is permitted to go out after the ciiarge is burned; a continuous kiln is one which is so arranged that the charge may be removed and a fresh one jnit in v.hile the fire is kept burning, and the furnace kept at its re- ducing heat. This may be effected either by an independent fire, or by placing the fuel and the cliarge to be tested in alternate layers, removing the finished charge from the bottom, and adding fuel and charge at the top. A preferable form of continuous kiln is one in which the kiln cylin- der is charged onl.v with the material to be i)urncd. and a current of flame or heated gas is introduced at the side near the bottom. The heal thus passing up through the material reduces it to the proper cunlition without adding anv of the ashes of the fuel to it. Kiln* are also classified in accordance with the course of the draught, into up-drauyht and doun-draufiht : and by .<hapes, into bee-hive, egfi-shaped, bell-shaped, and annular chamber, the latter having a series of cells around a central compartment. C'EiiEXT-KiL.Ns may be divided somewhat arbi- trarily into: (1) Intermittent dome or bottle kilns: (2) chamber kilns, or kilns with chambers attached for drying t!ie raw mixture by the waste gases from the kilns, which may be either intermittent or continuous; (3) continuous or stage kilns; and (4) rotary kilns. Dome kilns consist of a calcining chamber, surmounted bv a ciiimney, which together form a structure re- sembling a large bottle in shape. At the iiottom of the kiln is a set of removable grate-bars, and a door for admitting air to the fire and for with- drawing the burned clinker. Xear the top of the calcining chamber are one or more openings called charging eyes, through which the new mix- ture and fuel are fed into the kiln. The top part cf the kiln is a chimnev-Iike structure, which serves to provide the necessary ilraught for the fire and to carrv awav the srases of combustion. Dome kilns are built of rough stone, brick, or concrete masoniy. lined with fire-brick, the lining being so constructed that it can be removed and re- built without disturbing the kiln strticture proper. The kilns are charged by placing kin- dling-wood on the grate-bars and filling above to the level of the charging eves with alternate layers of fuel and raw mixture. When calcina- tion is complete the kiln is allowed to cool down and the clinker is withdrawn. The operation of the kiln is thus intermittent. Chamber kilns may be roughly defined as dome kilns in which the chimney-like superstructure is replaced by a long horizontal chamlicr opening into a stack. The raw material is placed in the horizontal chamber to lie dried by the hot gases escaping from the kiln proper. The construction, method of charging, etc.. of chamber kilns are the same as for dome kilns. Chamber kilns are