Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/538

* KU-LEN. 490 KILLIGBEW. at Belfast. In 1341 he was appointed professor of Church history and pastoral theology in that. institution, and in IStiD he was appointed its president. He wrote the followinj,' works: I'lca of frtubytery (1840); a continuation of Reid's llistory of Ihe Irish Presbyterian Church (1853) ; The Ancient Church. . . Traced for the J-'irst Thr'c Hundred Years (1859); the Old Catholic Church. . . Traced to Tito (1871); the Ecclesiastical History of Jretand from the Harlirsl Period to the Present Times (1875); The Iiinatiun Epistles Entirely Spurious (1886) ; The Eranieuork of Ihe Church (18'.)0) ; Reminis- cences of a Long Life (1901) ; and other works. KILLEB. A small carnivorous whale of the genus (jroa. These dolphins are notable for the fact that they arc the only cetaceans which habitiially attack and devour mammals. On account of their proi)ensity to destroy more ani- mals than they can eat, they are widely known as 'killers.' The ^enus is dislinsiiished from other dolphins by the following characteristics: IJeak almut as long as head, br;)a(l. Hat, and rounded : '.eeth about twelve on each siilc of each jaw, very large and stout, with conical recurved crowns; pectoral fin very largo and ovate, about as broad as long: dorsal fin near middle of back, excessively higli, and pointed; vcrtcbne 51 or 52. A full-giown male is 20 feet long, with a dorsal fin 6 feet high, while the female is somewhat smaller. The surface of the body is smooth and glossy, and is remarkably free from parasites. Killers are found in all parts of the world, and .sometimes swim u]) rivers in i)ursuit of their prey, which consists of large fish, seals, dolphins, and even whales. Killers generally go in small schools of a dozen or less, but sometimes larger numbers are .seen together. The whales, especially the beluga, are hunted dovn and killed by these schools. They seem to be fearless and are said to have stolen captured whales from whaling vessels, in spite nf o|)position by the sailors. Killers are seldom captured by whalers, as they yield verj' little oil, out in some regions they are taken for fooi!. and they are of imi)ortance to the Arctic coast trade. The number of species of killers is still greatly in doubt, for. in spite of their very wide distribu- tion, specific characters are not clearly defined. Xot less th:(n eight species have been described, but there is a reasonable possibility that there is only one valid species. The Xorth Atlantic species (rcn ijladinlor) h.-is been longest known, but the habits of the Xorth Pacific killers have been more generally obsened. In color the killers show great variety, tho>igh they are tisually dark above, some being jet-black, and light beneath. Behind the eye is a clear white spot, and there is a crescent-shaped band back of the dorsal fin, sometimes white and sometimes maroon. Smaller individuals. i)o«sil>ly rlilTcrent species, are more or less striped. Consult: Beddard. Book of Whales (Xew York. 1000) : Scammon. Marine Mammals of the Xorlhuest Coasi of Xorlh America (San Francisco, 1874) ; and the zo<"ilogist3 cited under AiJvsKA. See Dolphin; Wh.le. KIIiLIECRANKIE, kTl'T-kr.-in'kl. B.ttle of. A battle which took iihiie on .July 17 (new style, July 27). 1689. in the pass of Killiecrankie. near Ihinkeld in Scotland, between the adherents of James II. and William Til. The Highland clnns had little interest in the Revolution of inSS, but were busy with their own petty jealousies. These were made use of by the celebrated Graham of Claverhouse, Viscoimt Dundee, to array them i.n the side of James II. Against him was sent Mackay with three Scottish regiments, which had come from Holland, a regiment of English infantry, and two regiments of Ijiwland Scots, besides two troops of horse. These were met in the pass by a charge of the Highlanders, who car- ried all Ix.'fore them, and only stopped when they came to the packhorses, which they plumiered, thus allowing Mackay to retreat without molesta- tion. Dundee lost his life while leading the charge. KILLIFISH. Any of the minnow-like North American Iivsh-water fishes of the family Pcecil- liidiB (formerly called Cyprinmhmtidie, and erro- neously a.ssociated with the Cyprinida'). The body is elongate, compressed behind and usually depressed at the head: and both arc covered with rather large cycloid scales. The mouth is small, extremely protractile, and provicU'd with small teeth; the 'lower jaw usually projects, and the pharyngeal bones are not armed, as in the Cy- l)rinida'. The sexes are usually unlike, and some of the si>ecies are viviparous. In these the anal tin of the male is modified into an intnmiiltent organ. The species are numerous, but none at- tains a large size, and some are extremely small. They inhabit the fresh-water streams, brackish water and bays of America, Southern Europe, Africa, and Asia. The f:nnily iuiludcs Ihi Icp- niinnows and mummichog, ami the interesting an- ableps, or four-eyed fish, ilany of the species are extremely resistant and have l)ecome adapted to very diverse habitats. There are .'JO genera and about 180 species. The name killiiish is esi)ecially applied to the genus Fundulus, chiefly American, whose s|)ecies are the largest of the eyprinodonts, and some very brightly colored. Jordan says that they are oviparous and feed chiefly on animals. Some of them live on the bottom and bury themselves in the nuid of estu- aries; others frequent river channels and bays and swim freely, and still others, called 'topniin- nows,' remain on or near the surface, and feed on floating insects in streams and swamps. The largest species of the eastern coastal region is Fundulus majalis, also called 'ilay-fish'; a lesser or even more familiar form is the 'munmiichog,' 'cobbler,' or 'mudfish' (Fundulus heleroclitus) , which is to be met with in every pool and stream of brackish water from Maine to Texas. A Flor- ida species is called 'sac-;Vlait.' They are useful for bait, and make interesting pets in an aqua- rium. Sec Plate of KiM.rFi.sriES and Top-illS- NdWS. KILT-IGREW, Henuy (?-1712). An Eng- lish admiral, son of Henry Killigrew, the divine mentioned by Pepys, and a brother of tlic poet and painter Anne Killigrew. Of his life nothing is known apart from his connection with the na^^■, which he had entered before 1066. In 1673 he had risen to the rank of captain. Through the five years following he was employed on the southern coast of the Mediterranean, and in 1680 as commodore commanded a squadron against the Barbary pirates, but accomplished little. With Richard Haddock and .Tohn Ashby he was joint commander in 1690. and in 1693 held a like post with Cloudesley Shovell and with Ralph Delavall. who with Killigrew was dismissed from command in June on the charge of treason in behalf of James. Thereafter Killigrew figured in