Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/527

* KICHAT. 4:79 KIDDEKMINSTER. estimated at about 300, in 1857 at half that mimbur, and in 1900 at about -60. KICHE, kecha'. See Quiche. KICK'APOO. A former important Algon- quiau tribe residing, when first known to the French, in central Wisconsin. On the destruc- tion of the Illinois Confederacy by the North- ern tribes subsequent to 17U5 the Kiekapoo moved downi and establi^^lied themselves in the midd'e Waoash region of Illinois and Indiana. Like the other tribes of the Uhio Valley they 6ided with the English against the Americans, both in the Revolution and the War of 1812. Soon after the close of the latter war they made treaties which resiiUed in their removal first to Missouri, and afterwards to Kansas. About the year 18.V2 a large band, with some Potawatonii, left ihe main body and went South to Texas and thence into lle.xico, where they became known as Mexican Kickapoo, l)eing joined later by others of their tribe. The Mexican baml proved so con- stant a source of annoyance to the border settle- ments that eflorts were made by the Government to secure their return, and were so far success- ful that in 1873 about half were brought back and settled in the present Oklahoma. Most of the others still remain in northern Chihuahua and Tamaulipas, particularly in the Santa Rosa Mountains. From an estimated population of about 3000 in 17.5',) and :22O0 in 182.5 they have gone down to perhaps 000. numbering about 2(10 each in Kansas (Brown County) and Oklahoma, and the remainder in ilexico. Those in Mexico are said to be increasing, while those who were returned to Oklahrma have decreased by nearly one-third witliin twenty years. KIDD, Benjamin (1858—). An English so- ciolii^i>t. He entered the British civil service, and did not become generally known until the publication of a brilliant essay, Social Evolution, in 1S1J4. This work passed through several edi- tions, and was translated into a number of lan- guages. The main theme is the conflict between private interest and social welfare, the struggle which eliminates the unfit being the condition of progress. Kidd held that society should be interpreted in terms of biologj-, but weakened his the-is by finding that men were ultimately controlled by the extra-rational motives supplied by religion. Religion furnished the basis for in- dividual self-sacrifice for the benefit of the public welfare. His later books have been: Control of the Tropics (1898); Principles of Western Ciiili-'ition (1902). KIDD, William (c.1G.50-1701). A British navigator, the notorious Captain Kidd of piratical fame. The son of a Scottish Xonconformist min- ister, he was born |)robably at Greenock, Scot- land, aliout 1G.50. He went to sea at an early age, became a trader out of Xew York, and in the war between Englan<l and France, in the early part o( the reign of William III., commanded a com- missioned vessel in the West Indies, and was noted for his bravery. In 1(191 the Council of Xew York awarded him £150 for services ren- dered the Colony. In IfiOS he was appointed by the Eavl of Bellomont, Governor of the Province of Xew York, to assist in suppressing piracy, and leceived two commissions from the King, one as a privateer against the French, and the other a roving commission to pursue and capture pirates wherever he might find them. He sailed from Plymouth, England, April, 1C9C, in a galley called the Adieuture, carrjing thirty guns and a crew of eighty men. After proceeding to Xew York he increased his crew to 155 men and sailed for Madeira, thence to Saint Jago, Madagascar, Malabar, and the Red Sea. He had not been very successful in capturing vessels, and rumors ar- rive<l that he had turned pirate. According to evidence amassed he first took some small Moor- ish vessels, then fought a Portuguese man-of-war, which defeated him, and finally captured a Portu- guese ship from Bengal, and an Armenian vessel, the Quedayh ilercuunt, with a rich cargo. At Madagascar he buined his vessel, ami went on board the Armenian, afterward purchasing the sloop Antonio, and .sailing in company. Proceed- ing to Xew York, he coasted from Delaware Bay to Block Island, corresponding with the Earl of Belloincnt in the meantime. He had learned that he had been proclaimed a pirate and boldly went to Boston to know the truth, delivering up to the Governor 1111 ounces of gold, 2353 ounces of silver, 57 bags of sugar, 41 bales of goods, and 17 pieces of canvas acquired by his captures. On July 6, 1099, however, in accordance with the British praoiamation, Kidd was arrested, the immediate charge against him being that of mur- der, he having killed a gunner on board the Ad- lenture who had become mutinous. He was sent to England, and in April, 1700, was tried, and although the evidence was inconclusive and the ]uocredings marked by injustice, was found guilty of murder, and, on five separate indictments, of piracy. Kidd was allowed no counsel and his explanations were ignored. He was condemned and hanged with several of his companions at Execution Dock, London, on May 23, 1701, pro- testing his innocence to the last. After Kidd's death it became rumored about that he and his crew had buried iiumensc treasures prior to his capture, and the coast of the United States from Block Island south, and even islands in the Hudson River, have many times been searched fruitlessly for this rumored wealth. He had buried part of the Quedagh Merchant's treasure on Gardiner's Island off Montauk Point. L. I,, but this was recovered by the colonial authorities in 199. KIDTJER, Frederic (1804-85), An Ameri- can author. He was born in X"ew Ipswich, >f. H., was mainly self-educated, and after various business ventures became established in the West India trade at Boston, He made special researches in the history of early Xew England times and families, and wrote on such subjects as: The History of Xew Ipswich, a Xew Hampshire Town (1852); The Lj-pedition of Captain John Lorewell (1805) ; Military Operations in Eastern Maine and ora Scotia During the Revolution (18G7); and History of the Boston Massacre (1870). KIDTJERMINSTER. A manufacturing town in Worie>ter>hire. England, on the Stour. 14 miles west of Worcester (Map: England. D 4). The Stafford and Worcester Canal opens com- munication with Liverpool, Bristol, and Hull. Kidderminster is noted for its carpet manufac- tures, established in 1735; there are also worsted- spinning mills, tin-plate, and dye-works. The town has fine ecclesiastical and municipal build- ings., a free grammar school founded in 1037, and monuments to Richard Baxter ami Rowland Hill, who were born here. The town owns its water-