Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/518

* KHABUB. 470 KHARGEH. with the Hebrew Chabor and the Araxes of Xeno- phon. KHAIBAB (Ki'ber) PASS. Another spdl- ing lur till' 11:11110 of a niuuiilaiii ilolile between India and Afgluuiistan. See KllYUEB Pass. KHAIR-ED-DIN", Kir'cd-den' (better Khair AT.DiN). A Creek jiirate. belter known, with his brother Iloruk, by tlie name Barbarossa (q.v.). KHAKI, kii'ke (Hind. khOKl, dustj-. from khOk', dnst). A drab, clay, or dust-colored cloth of East Indian origin, first used by the British Governinent for their native troops, and after- wards for all British troops serving abroad or on campaign. Since the Spanisli-American War of 1898 il lias bren employed by the United States Cioverniiient for Held and colonial service, and sihiilarly by botli France and (lermany. KHAilD, Ka'lTd,.or CALEB (.i82-G42). A Mohammedan general. He wa.s the son of Walid, of the ilali/.iimiyyali branch of the Koreish. At first he was an enemy of Jlohanimed. being among the leaders who defeated him at Ohod. in ('>. But after Jloliaiiimed had married his kins- woman, JIaiiminah, he accepted the new faith (029) and became ilohanimecl's greatest general, receiving the surname 'Sword of .Vllali' after his victory over the Byzantines at JIutali. He was then sent by Mohammed against Mecca, and commanded the right wing of the attack. He de- feated the iiii]>ostor Miiseilima and the Banu Hanifah after the Projihet's death, and in 633 was made commander of the army sent by Abu Bekr into Jleso[)otaiiiia. He defeated the Per- sians in the 'Battle of the Chains,' but was then ordered to join forces with .inr and .bu ITliaidah in Syria. After a forced march of five days through the waterless desert, he received the ca- pitulation of Palmyra and Basra, and then de- feated the armies of Heraclius at Ajnadin. Fihl, or Pella ((i34), and I'hwesa ((!3.5). Damascus was then besieged, and fell in the fall of 03.5. His next groat battle was that of the Yarniuk (.u- gu.st, G3G). Dnmasciis had t lien to be besieged a second time, and shoitly before or after it fell word came that Omar, for reasons that are not certain, had given the chief command to Abu Ubaidah. Khalid then showed his loftiness of spirit by eonfinuing to serve as a subordinate without protest until his death, at Kmesa. 042. Consult Wellliausen, .S/.i-coh vnd Torarheiten, vi. (Berlin. 1S09) : De Cioeje, M^moire sur la Cotujiulr lie la fyyrie (I.eyden, 1900). KHAMA, Kli'ma (1840—). An African chief, head of the Bamangwato, a northern tribe of Bechuanaland. In 1872 ho joined with Montsioa in an appeal to Englaml against Boer encronch- iiients. He got no immediate help, but in 1884 Bechuanaland was taken formally under Brit- ish protection. In 189.') Xhama and two other chiefs visited England to protest against his countrj- being put under the British South Africa Company. As a result of their protest all the territory north of the Molopo was made a native reservation, and at Khama's request stringent laws were passed against importation of aleohol. KHAMTI, k'hiim'tf. One of the peoples of Shan stock, dwelling on the Assam-Burmese fron- tier. See SlIAN.S. KHAN fPers. khfin. prince, of Tatar origin). (1) A title of uncertain origin, often borne by Oriental rulers, especially in Central Asia. Its earliest mention is by (iregory of Tours (500), who designates the chief of the Huns (Avars) as 'Chag- nus.' Among Mohammedans it seems to have been lirst used in the thirteenth century at the time of the Mongol tJengbis Khan, and it per- sisted down to the time of the last Oriental ruler of the Crimea, Shahin (iiray (1783). Since the time of Bayazid I. (1389) and Mohammed 1. (1402), the title has been added to the other titles of the Osmanli sultans. It was not used by the Seljuks (1037-1300). Khan is also joined to a personal name so as to form a composite word. In Shiite lands it means simply a man of rank, etiuivalent to Turkish Beg or Bey. Some irf the titles compounded with Khan are: (1) Kha-Khan. used long before the twelfth century, to designate the leader of the Tou-Kiou Turks, the Ouigurs, Mongols, Chinese (Yuen Dynasty), and Mandshus. (2) UKlian ('Provincial Khan') to indicate their inferiority to the Kha- Klians; used by the Mongol ruler llulagu and his successors in Persia (1250-1330). (3) Tar- Khan, a subaltern iirince. (4) Cur-Khan ('Uni- versal Lord'), used by the Turks of Kara-Khitay, by Tamerlane (133.5-1405) and dug Bog (1447). (5) Ir-Klian, used by certain Turkish tribes. The word khanate, for the territorial divisions of Genghis Khan's empire, is a Eurojiean forma- tion. Consult De Laeouperie, Khun, Kha-Khan and Other Tribes (1885). (2) The homonym khan (Persian khanah. house) is frequentlj applied in translations of i)ricntal texts and works on the East to unfur- nished inns, erectcil either by the Government or private individuals for travelers, and for who.se accommodations either no charge or a small fee is requireil. KHANDESH, kan'desh. or CANDEISH. An historical district in the Central Division. Bom- bay, British India. Area. 9944 sipiare miles; ]iopulation, in 1891. 1.435,000: in 1901, 1,400.000. It is w;itered by the Tapti, and its oxteiisiv<' cen- tral ]dain fringed on tlie north by the Sat|nira Hills comiirises a considerable area of fertile alluvial soil. Almost surrounded by the powerful native St:ites of Hyder;ibad, Sinclli. and Baroda, it sutTered greatly during the long contest be- tween the ^loliammedans and the Mahrattas, and also from the struggles among the rival chiefs. In 1818 it was taken by the East India Company. The Bhils. a hnlf-savage race, aggravated con- siilerably the ditriculfies of the new Government. KHANG-HI. kiine'he'. Emperor of China (1002-1722). See K'ang-Hi. KHANIA, Kii'ng-a'. See CanEA. KHARBIN, KarTjin. See Habbin. KHARGEH, Kar'gc. El (full name. Wah nl- Tlfir(i<ih, outer oasis). An important oasis of Eg'pt. situated about four days' travel west of Thebes, in latitude 25° 30' N. and longitude 30° 40' E., about 220 feet above the sea (Map: Egypt. D 7). It is about 90 miles long from north to south, and 3 miles wide on an average. There are well-preserved remains of numerous buildings and villages. Population. OOOn. Wheat, barley, rice, and in.lico are grown. Dates are exported. El Khargeh has been known since the time of Psam- motieus. KHARGEH, Kiir'gS. El. or KHARGA. The chief town of the oasis of the same name in Upper