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* KETTLEDRUM. 465 KEY. hold the cups of tea. Hence, by metonjiny the article used gave name to the occasion on which it was used. The name came to mean an informal party, and specifically an afternoon gathering at which the entertainment was of a simple char- acter. KETT'S BEBELLION. A popular outbreak which took place in Norfolk, England, in 1549, under the leadership of Robert and William Kett, brothers. They are mentioned as a tanner and a mercer, living in Wymondham, Xorfolk; but both were landholders of consequence, Robert holding the Manor of Wymondham, besides other lands. He was the chief leader of the revolt, although assisted by William and two other brothers. The revolt originated in a local dis- turbance at Wymondham, caused by the harsh- ness of the new landlord, to whom the Priory of Wymondham had been given upon the dissolution of the monasteries. Kett led the insurgents to Norfolk, establishing a camp on Mousehold Heath near b5". where his forces increased to the number of 16,000 men. He maintained excellent order, establishing his tribunal under an oak-tree, which long bore the name of "Rett's Oak.' There the delegates of twenty-one hundreds of Norfolk and one hundred of Suffolk met and drew up a petition of their grievances, which was sent to the Privy Council in London. From this petition it is evident that the revolt was chiefly directed against the inclosures of the common land, and the consequent eviction of the tenantry, all of which was being done contrary to custom and to laws recently enacted by Parliament. The petition also contained moderate demands for the redressal of other feudal wrongs, one of which specified that all bondmen be made free. On August 1 Kett captured Norfolk, putting to rout a force of 2.500 men sent to its rescue. The re- volt was finally suppressed by a force under the Earl of Warwick, in a bloody battle at Dussin- dale, in which more than .3.500 of the insurgents were killed. He gained this victory through a force of German lanzknechts, whose firearms the insurgents were unable to withstand. Both of tlie Ketts were captured and suffered death on the gallows. Consult Russel, Rett's Rebellion (London, 1850). KETTJPA, ke-toCpa. A fishing owl of the Oriental genus Ketupa ; specifically the Javan one (Ketupa Javanensis). Other species are commonly known from Asia Minor to Southern China. All are large tufted owls, with the feet naked of feathers, and the talons large, strong, and roughened, in adaptation to the catching of living fish and crabs, upon which this genus mainly feeds, though birds and small mammals are also taken. KETTH-FOW, kyoo'fou'. A city in China. See Kitii-Fow. KETJKA (ke-u'ki) I<AKE. Another name for Crooked Lake (q.v.). KEUPER, koi'per (dialectic German term, near Coburg, for red. sandy clay). The upper division of the Triassic system in Europe. It is represented in (Germany by a series of marls, sandstones, dolomite and gj^jsum beds, more than 1000 feet thick. In Great Britain it includes marls and sandstones with gj-psum and rock salt, and has a maximum thickness of about 3000 feet. Bones and footprints of the labyrinthodont and saurian reptiles are found in the Keuper. KEW, ku. A small village in Surrey, Eng- land, on the Thames, IV2 miles northeast of Richmond (Map: London, E 5). It owes its celebrity to the royal botanic gardens, with their famous collection of plants, native and exotic. There are numerous conservatories and hot- houses; a palm-house, an arboretum of 178V& acres, three museums, a winter garden or tem- perate house, an American garden, a ten-story pa- goda 165 feet high, several ornamental temples, a laboratory, and the elegant North Gallery, con- taining a valuable collection of paintings of trop- ical flowers. The botanic gardens, commenced by the mother of George III., owe much of their celebrity to Sir W. J. Hooker (q.v.) and Sir .Tosiah D. Hooker. They were presented to the nation by Queen Victoria in 1840, since when they have been open to the public. There is also an observatory, used chiefly as a meteorological sta- tion. Kew Palace, once the favorite residence of George III., is close to the northern entrance. KEWANEE, kf-wa'ne. A city in Henry County, 111., 50 miles north by west of Peoria; in the Chicago. Burlington and Quincy Railroad (Map: Illinois, B 2). It has a public library of 9000 volumes, and two parks. Coal is mined in the vicinity; and there are extensive tube and boiler works, employing 3500 men, and manufac- tures of agricultural implements, steam-heating apparatus, pumps, gloves and mittens, etc. The government is administered under a charter of 189". which provides for a mayor, elected bien- nially, and a council. The water-works are owned and operated bv the municipality. Population, in 1890, 4569; in'l900, 8382. KEWAUNEE, kf-wa'n*. A city and the county-seat of Kewaunee County, Wis., 30 miles east of Green Bay ; on Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Kewaunee River, and on the Ke- waunee, Green Bay and Western Railroad ( Map : Wisconsin, F 4 ) . It has pea-canneries, a coffin- factor^-, agricultural implement works, planing- mflls. foundries, and machine-shops, etc. Kewau- nee was settled in 1850. and was incorporated in 1882. Population, in 1890, 1216; in 1900, 1773. KEWEENAWAN (ke'w4-na'wan) SERIES. A group of conglomerates, sandstones, and lime- stones, with interl)edded sheets of volcanic rocks, which outcrop in the western Lake Superior region. They belong to the upper part of the Archican, although some geologists have classed them with the Cambrian. Their maximum thick- ness is about 40.000 feet. The strata, which appear in great force on Keweenaw Peninsula and farther westward, dip below Lake .Superior and come to the surface again on the northern shores in Minnesota. The rich copper deposits of Michigan occur in this series. See Pbe-Cambbian F01!M.TI0NS. KEY (AS crtg. cwfje. OFries. kai, kei : prob- ably connected with OHG. k'll. Ger. Keil, Icel. keiler, wedge, peg). A common heraldic bearing in the insignia of sees, seats of learning, and re- ligious houses, particularly such as are under the patronage of Saint Peter. Two keys in saltire are frequent, and keys are sometimes interlaced or linked together at the bows — i.e. rings. Keys indorsed are placed side by side, the wards away from each other. In secular heraldry, keys some- times denote oflace in the State. See Her.ldkt. KEY. In music, all the tones of any given scale considered collectively and in their har-