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* KAUTSKY. 417 KAVEBY. educated at Vienna. He was one of the fore- niu^t exponents of the doctrines of ilarx and Jingels, and in 1883 founded in Stuttgart Die neiie Zsit, a Socialist organ. He wrote £influss der YolksKerinehrung aiif den Fortschritt dtr Ccsellschaft (1880), Karl Marx' okonomische Lehreii (6th ed. 1898), Das Erftirter I'rogramm [•■hi ed. 1898), Der Parlamentarismus (1893), (Jcscliichte des f^ozialisinus, part i. (1894), Die Ayrarfrage (1899), and Handelspolitik und iio::ialdemokratie (1901). KAUTZ, kouts, Albert ( 1839— ). An Ameri- can naval oHicer, born at Georgetown, Ohio. He graduated at the !Naval Academy in 1861. In June, 1861, as conunander of a prize brig, he was captured near Cape Hatteras, but was released on paroie and proceeded to Washington, where he succeeded in negotiating the first exchange of prisoners authorized by President Lincoln. His services in the engagements on the Lower Missis- sippi received commendatory notice, and at the close of the Civil War he was made lieutenant- commander. In 1S98 he was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral. KAUTZ, August Valentine (1828-95). An American soldier, born at Ispringen, Baden. He came to the L'nited States with his parents, and, after serving as a volunteer in the Mexican War, was appointed to a vacancy in the Military Acad- emy, where he graduated in 18.52. For several years he served against the Indians, and at the outbreak of the Civil War was made a captain in the Sixth United States Cavalry, with which he served through the Peninsular campaign of 1862. He continued as a cavalry officer, partici- pating with distinction in many engagements, and ill 1864 was placed in command of the cavaliy division of the Army of the James. He was bre- vetted major-general of volunteers in October, 1804, and in 1865 marched into Richmond in com- mand of a division of colored troops. After the war he conducted successful operations against the Indians on the New Mexican frontier until 1S74, when he was promoted colonel of the Eighth Infantry, in 1875 he was placed in command of the Department of Arizona. He was retired in 1892. General Kautz published The Company Clerk (1863). Customs of Service for Non-Corn- ynissioiied Ofpccrs and Soldiers^ (1864), and Cus- toms of Service for Officers (1866). KATITZ, Julius (Gyula) (1829—). An Hungarian economist and statesman, born at Kaab. He was educated there, at Pesth, and at Leipzig, and was made instructor (1859), and then (1863) professor of economics in the Uni- versity of Pesth. In 1883 he became vice-gover- nor, and in 1892 governor, of the Austro-Hun- garian Bank, and was made Privy Councilor. He was member of the Hungarian Parliament (1865-83), and in 1886 was made a member of the L'pper Chamber for life. In 1860 he was chosen a member of the Hungarian Academy of Science. His more important works in Hun- garian are a system of economics and finance (last edition 1890). and in German Thcorie und (j'eschichte der XationaWkonomik (1856-00). KAUTZSCH, koueh, Emil Friedrich (1841 — ). A German Hebrew scholar and biblical critic, born at Plauen (Saxony). He was edu- cated at Leipzig, in whose theological faculty he was appointed lecturer (1869) and professor (1871). Subsequently he held chairs at Basel (1872-80) and Tiibingen (1880-88). In 1888 he received a professorship at Halle. He was one of the founders of the Palestine Exploration Society of Germany (1877). He published some original W'Orks (De 'eteris Testamentis Locis a Paulo Apostolo Allegatis, 1869; Grammaiik des Biblisoh- Aram-iiischen, 1884), but is better known for his editions of the publications of other scholars, such as Hagenbach's Encyklopadie und Mcthodologie (the 10th and 11th editions), Gesenius's Uebtw- scher Grammatik (from the 20th to the 25th edi- tion, inclusive), and Scholz's Ahriss der hebrii- schen Laut- und Formenlehre (thoroughly revised; a seventh edition in 1893). He also assisted in a translation of the Old Testament into German, Die Heilige Hchrift des Alien Testaments (Frei- burg, 1894). KAVA, ka'va. A South Sea Island shrub with narcotic properties. See AvA. KAVANAGH, kav'a-na. A prose romance by Henry W. Longfellow (1849). KAVANAGH, Julia (1824-77). An Irish novelist. She was born at Thurles. Tipperary, and was the daughter of Jlorgan Peter Kavanagh, a minor poet and philologist. Her childhood was sjjent in France, where she was educated. In 1844 she took up her residence in London, and commenced a literary career. Her chief works of fiction are: Madeleine, a Tale of Auvergne (1848), Nathalie (1851), Daisy Burns (1853), (Jrace Lee (1855), Rachel Gray (1855), Adcle (1857), Queen Mai (1863), Beatrice (1865), Si/bil's Second Love (1807), Dora (1868), Silvia (1870), /Jessie ( 1872), .7o//n, DonicH (1875). and Two Lilies (1877). Her first work was entitled The Three Paths, a Story for Youth (1848) ; a posthumous work, Forget-Me-Xots, two volumes of shoit tales, appeared in 1878. Her ])lots are usually centred in France, and, while of no great depth, are graceful and intelligent expositions of home life and domestic traits. She was a prolific contributor to periodical literature, and also wrote many biographical sketches. Chief among her miscellaneous writings are: Woman in France During the Eighteenth Century (1850). Wornen of Christianity Exemplary for Acts of Piety and Charity (1852), Summer and Winter in the Two Sicilies^ (1858), Seven Years, and Other Tales (1859). French Women of Letters (1861), and English IT'ome?) of Letters (1862). KAVELIN, ka-ve-len', Ko'STANTIn Dmit- RiEViTCn (1808-86). A Russian politician, born in Saint Petersburg. He was educated at the Moscow University, where he became professor of civil law (1844-48), afterwards taking the same position at the university of his native city, though he finally left it to teach in the Military Legal Academy. As law tutor to the Grand Duke Nicholas and afterwards legal adviser to his Fi- nance Minister, Kavelin ex'erted con.siderable influence in obtaining freedom for the serfs. Ho made official sojourns in France and Germany to study the educational institutions of those coun- tries, and he wrote much upon legal subjects. His complete works were published in four vol- umes in 1859. but he wrote afterwards Problcmes de psychologic (1872), La philosophic dc I'a pri ori (1875), and La question des paysans (1882). KAVERY, k.a'ver-I, or CAVERY. A river of Southern India, rising in Coorg in the Ghats, near the west coast, at an altitude of 4000 feet (Map: India, 6). It flows southeast through