Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/457

* KATYDID. 413 KAUFFMANN. north as New Jersey on the Atlantic coast. It hibernates in the egg stage. The eggs are flat- tened oval, and of a slate-brown color, and are laid in a double, overlapping row on the twigs of A KATYDID. The common angular-winj^ed Katydid (Microcentrum re- tinerris), and its eggs, attached to the edge of a leaf. trees, the edges of leaves, and in other places. Females lay their eggs in the early fall, and con- tinue to la_y at intervals until killed by frost, each female laying from 100 to 150 eggs. In the spring the egg splits along its top edge, and the young katydid, very pale in color, emerges. In its northern range this species is single-brooded, but in the Southern States there are two genera- tions annually. The eggs of this species are stung by the curious chalcidid parasite Eupelmus mira- hilis. which has been called the 'back-rolling won- der,' from the fact that its abdomen is fre<|uently turned backward and upward until it nearly reaches the head, the hind wings being turned in the same direction, so that the insect almost forms a ball. See Locust. KATZBACH, kiits'baG. A small river in the Prussian Province of Silesia, falling into the Oder at Parchwitz. It is celebrated for the battle fought on its banks on August 20, 1813, between the French troops under Marshal Macdonald and the Prussians under Bliicher, in which the latter were completely victorious. JIacdonald was unaware of the presence of the Prussians on the other side of the Katzbach when he began to ford the stream. Bliicher waited until half the French army had crossed, then swept down on them with his cavalry and two corps of bayonets, and hurled them into the waters of the Katzbach, killing and wounding 12.000, and taking 18,000 prisoners, together with 143 cannons and 2 eagles. KATZENSTEG, kats'en-steK, Der (Ger., The Cat's Bridge). A novel by Hermann Sudermann (1889), considered one of his be.st works of fic- tion. The father of Boleslav, the hero, believing Napoleon's promises to the Poles, helps the French troops to surprise a detachment of Prus- sians. In consequence of this act, his house is burned by the surrounding German peasantry, and his death follows. Boleslav, who changes his name and serves in the War of Liberation against . Napoleon, returns to find his father dead, and in his isolation is cared for by Regina, the outcast servant of his father. Regina is a strange psy- chological study. She has the virtues and the vices of an animal, and at last perishes in the struggle against the conventional ethical stand- ards of society. Boleslav overcomes the hostility of the peasants and dies in the campaign of Waterloo. KATIAI, ka'u-il'p. The northernmost of the Hawaiian Islands, situated in latitude 22° N. and longitude 159° 30' W. (Map: Hawaii, B I). It is almost circular in shape and has an area of 590 square miles. It is of volcanic origin and is composed chiefly of basaltic rocks. The surface is elevated, reaching in the highest peak of the island, Waialeale, an altitude of about fiOOO feet; a large part of it is under forests. The coasts are parth' low and sandy and partly precipitous. The island is well watered, chief among its streams being Hanalei. In spite of its volcanic origin, Kauai has a goodly proportion of agri- cultural land of unusual fertility, confined mainly to the north. Sugar is the chief product; but tropical fruits are grown in abundance. The chief harbors are Hanalei, Koloa. Waimea, and Nawiliwili. Population in 1900, 20,734. KAUER, kou'er, Ferdinand (1751-1831). An Austrian musician, Ijorn at Klein-Thaya, Mora- via. He was the author of many operettas and vaudevilles performed at Vienna and elsewhere. The best of them were the operas Die Stern/- konigin and Das Donauiveibchen: but he wrote a large quantity of sacred music, including the oratorio Die fiiindfluth, oder Soah's Versoh- nungsopfer ( 1809 ). KAUFFMANN, kouf'man, Angelica (1741- 1807). A German historical and portrait paint- er, born at Chur, Switzerland. October 30, 1741. She was taught by her father, .lohann Josef Kauffmann, a painter of some talent. At an early age Angelica displayed such talent that her father took her to Italy. At Como, in 1752, she executed a portrait in pastel of the Bishop of Como, which attracted much atten- tion. >She studied in the galleries of Milan in 1754, also painting portraits, among them those of the Duchess of Carrara. In 1757 she assisted her father in the decoration of the ciiurch at Schwarzenberg, painting twelve full-length figures of the Apostles, and also in decorating the seats of the counts of Montfort. She then studied in Northern Italy, especially at Florence, where she remained seven months, developing a remarkable talent for music and song. In 1703, at Rome, she studied ancient art under Winckel- niann, who became her fast friend, and whose por- trait she painted. At this time she made a study of historical and allegorical compositions. In 1705 her English friends persuaded her to go to England; after spending a year studying at Venice, she arrived in London in 17G6. She was received with great favor, her charm of manner, as well as her art, winning for her many friends. She was feted by the aristocracy and presented at Court. Among her admirers were Goldsmith, Garrick. Fuseli. and Sir Joshua Rey- nolds. She was elected one of the original mem- bers of the Royal Academy in 1709. and for years following was a prominent exhibito>" at the Academy. She was also successful as an interior decorator and as an engraver and etcher. There are thirty-one plates, with at least two hundred of her original drawings, at the Biitish Mu- seum. Her life was imbittered by a secret marriage, in 1707, with an impostor, a supposed Swedish Count Horn. The Pope annulled her marriase, and in 1781 she married Antonio Zucchi. a Venetian painter, with whom she re- turned to Italy the same year. After acting as teacher of design to the Princess of Naples, she settled at Rome, where her hoiise became the centre of a coterie of scholars and artists, among