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* KAPP. 398 KARAJAN. the Emigration Commissioners of New York in 1807, and wrote a book, Immigration (1870), shewing the econoiiiic- vahie of foreign immigra- tion. After his return to (iermany, he was in 1872 eleeted a member of the Reiehstag. He wroto mucli both in German and English, and his books are based upon careful research, llis works inchide: Die Hklacenfraye in den Verei- itigten Utaaten (18.54); Leben des amerika- ■nischen Generals F. 11'. von Steuben (1858, Eng. ed. Xew York, 1859) ; (Icschichte dcr iSklav- crci in den Vereinigten Staulcn (18U0); Leben des amerikanischen Generals Johann Kalb (1802, Eng. ed. New York, 1870) ; Geschichte der deutschen Einw-anderung in Ainerika (1808); Friedrieh der Grosse und die Vereinigten fitaaten (1871) ; and .-1ms nnd iiber Amerika. Erlebnissc vnd Tliatsaehen (1870). He also wrote on the soldier traffic by German princes in the American Eevolution. KAPP, GiSBERT (1852—). A German elec- trician, born at Mauer, near Vienna, and educated at the Zurich Polyteclinio. He W'as engaged as mechanical engineer in Augsburg, Vienna, and Pola; in 1875 went to England, and in 1882 was made director in the C'rompton Works at Chelmsford. His electrical inventions inchide sev- eral measuring devices. In 1805 he became con- nected with the Berlin Institute of Technology. Kapp wrote: Electric Transmission of Energy (1880): Dynamos, Alternators, and Transform- ers (1893): Transformatoren fiir WcchscUtrom vnd Drehstrnm (2d ed. 1900) ; and Elektrome- cluniischr Konstruktionen (2d ed. 1902). KAPPEL, kap'cl. A village in the Canton of Zurich. Switzerland (Map: Switzerland, CI). It is note<l chiefly as the place where the re- former Zwingli was killed, in 1531, in a battle between Protestants and Roman Catholics. The village contains a monument erected to his mem- ory. Population, in 1900, 700. KARA, kii'r4. A short river of Northern Rus- sia, forming the boundary line between European and Asiatic Russia. It falls into the Kara Sea, an inlet of the Arctic Ocean. KARABACEK, kii'ra-bii'chck. Joseph (1845 — ). .An .ustrian Orientalist. He was born at Gratz, and is professor of Oriental historj* and allied subjects in the University of Vienna, llis writings include: lieitrdge znr Oesehichtc der Muzjaditen (1874); Die persische y adelmalerei fiusandschird (1881) ; and the books dealing with the Archduke Rainer Papyrus. Der I'apyrusfund ran El Faijum (1882); Ergebnisse aus dem Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer (1889) ; and Katalog der Theodor Grafschen Funde in Aegypten (18S3). KARACHI, ku-rii'chf, or KURRACHEE. An important seaport, the capital of Karachi District and of the Sindh Division, Bombay ■ Presidency. British India, in latitude 24° 47' N., longitude 00° 50' E. (Ma]): India. A 3). It is sit- uated in the Indus Delta, 12 miles northwest of the river's westernmost outlet, and 90 miles southwest of Hyderabad. It is a terminus of the Northwestern Railway, by which it com- municates with the whole railroad sy.stem of India. As the mouth of the Indus (q.v.) is barred by sand-hanks, Karachi is virtually the terminus of the tralTic of that river, and has be- come, as predicted by Sir Charles Napier, 'the gateway of Central Asia.' Its spacious harbor, covering 237 Vi acres, is protected by extensive breakwaters. The wharves, docks, and landing- place are on the former island of Kiamari, now connected with the city by road, railways, tele- graph, and telephone over the Xapier mole, three miles long. The public buildings comprise the Government house, uuinicipal ollices. court-house. Arts College, high scliool, Frere Hall, Masonic Hall, Victoria and Bolton Markets, the Eduljei Duishaw Dispensarj', hos])it:il, line hanks and club-liouse, Episcopal, (,'atholie. any excursion ])arties and noted for the turtle-hunt- ing it all'ords during the autunm season. Kanichi has an active inland trade with Kashmir, Turkes- tan, Afghanistan, and Tibet. The chief manufac- tvires are car|ii'ts and the famous .Sindh silver- ware. The (own also contains the W(n"kshops of the Northwestern Railway. It exports hides, tallow, oil, cotton, wheat, and tea, and imports metals, hardware, silk, and woolen goods. It is the seat of a United >States consular agent. The city's growth and development date from its cession to the British Government by the Talpur Amirs in 1842; the previous fort and village ha 1 existed since 1725. Population, in 1891, 105,200; in 1901, 151.400. I'he district has an area of 14,297 square miles; population, in 1891. 572.- 000: in 1001, 607.440. Consult Baillie. Knr- rachee. Past, Present, and Future (London, 1890). KARAGAN, kar'a-gan (Russ. karagan). A fox of Tartiiry; perhaps identical with the corsae (q.v.). KARAGASS, kU'ragas'. A people of Sa- moyed stock in the District of Nizhni Udinsk, Government of Irkutsk, Siberia. They are prac- tically extinct, having but little over 200 in 1888, although they still distinguishe<l five clans. An account of the Karagass appeared in Globus for 1887. The Russian account by Salesskj is resumed in the Archiv fiir Anthropologie (Braunschweig) for 1901. KARA GEORGE. A Servian patriot. See CZERNY GeOROE. KARAHISSAR, ka-rii'his-siir'. A city of Asiatic Turkey. See AFifN-lvAR.i-Hl.ssAK. KARAISKAKIS, ka-res'ka-kes, Georgios (1782-1827). born near ArU. He joined .li Pasha, of .lanina, but left him in his last war with Turkey, and fought on the side of the Turks. In the Revolution he sided with the Greeks, and fought bravely. He quarreled with the Provisional Government, only to come to its aid after Jlissolonghi. He w'on a great victory at Arachova, and was mortally wounded in an at- tempt to capture the Acropolis. Consult his biography by Paparrhigopoulos (Athens, 1877). KARAITES, kar'a-its. See .Jewi.sii Sect.s. KARAJAN, kji'ra-yiin, Theodor Georg von (1810-73). An Austrian philologist, born in Vienna, of Greek parentage. He studied in his native city, was employed in the Department of War and Finance from 1829 to 1S41. and thereafter in the Imperial library, of which he was made custodian in 1854. He became a mem- ber of the Academy of Sciences in 1849, its