Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/414

* KANDAHAK. 380 KANE. KANDAHAR', or CANDAHAR. The cap- ital til' till' jiiiiviinu i)t' tin' >aiin' iiaiiu' in Afghan- istan, situated in the southeastern part of the country, about :iO0 miles southwest of Kabul (Map: Affihanistan, K .5). It lies at an altitude of nearly 3.500 feet, and is connected by rail with Shikari)ur, Britisli India. In its appearance, Kandahar is well l)uilt. with straijjlit and wide streets and line buildings. It is .surrounded by a stroni; wall with bastions and a citadel, and has a good watcr-sujiply. The chief jiroduets are silk and felt. In the vicinity arc situated nu- merous gardens yielding large quantities of fruit. The trade is ehielly with British India. The number of inhabitants is variously estiniated at from 2.5,000 to 50.000. Kandahar is si]iposed to have been founded by Alexander the (!rcat. For thirteen centuries little is known of the place. Down to 1747, ^vhen the native rule was permanently established, Kandahar, with brief and precarious intervals of iiulependence, was held in turn ly Tartary, India, and Persia. Kan- dahar was occupied by the British in 1830. and after the fatal retreat of the army from Kabul in 1842 it was successfully defended by General Nott. It was again entered by the British in 3870. In the following year it was besieged by Ayub Khan. General Koberls ]ierfonned a mem- orable march from Kabul and relieved the town, which he entered on August 31, 1880. On the following day he dispensed the army of Ayub Khan. KANDAVTJ, kan'da-voo'. One of the Fiji Isl- ands (fj.v.). KANDY, k;in'de. A fortified town in tlie centre of Ceylon and fonner capital of the island, situated 82 miles by rail from Colombo (Jlap: India, D 7). It lies on the top of a hill and contains many ancient monuments. The most prominent of them is the palace of the former King of Kandy, a building of large dimensions and a fine sample of native architecture, now partially occupied by the Government. There are also a number of ancient temples, among which the finest is the Dnladti MtUacidira, or the Tem- ple of the Tooth, named so on account of tha supposed tooth of Buddha which it contains. Aside from its architecture, this temple deserves attention for its ancient manuscripts, written chiefly in Pali and Sanskrit. In the vicinity are situated the famous botanical gardens of Peradcnia. Population, in 1800. 20..5.58 ; in 1900, 26,522. Consult Cave, The Ruined Cities of Ceylon (London, 1900). KANE. A borough in McKean County, Pa., 05 miles east by south of Erie, on the Pennsyl- vania, the Pittsburg and Western, and other railroads (Map: Pennsylvania, C 2), It is a resort, attractive for its elevated site (over 2000 feet), healthful climate, and good hunting and fishing. Kane has glass-works, lumber-mills, and manufactures of brush-handles, woodenware, etc,, and is situated in a region rich in oil an.l natural gas. Population, in 1890, 2944; in 1000, 5296. KANE, Ei.TSHA Kent (1820-57). An Ameri- can Arctic explorer. He was bom in Philadel- phia, received an academic training in that city, and entered the T'niversity of Virginia with the intention of fitting himself to be a civil engi- neer. Ill health, however, caused him to change his plans, and he pursued a course in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in 1842. In July, 1843, he was appointed an as- sistant surgeon in the L nited States Navy, and sailed for China on the iiritnibiu'ine with Caleb Cashing, United States Minister to that coun- try. At Peking he acted as legation surgeon unt 11 late in 1844, when, after an expedition to the Philippine Islands, he practiced priviitely in Cliina until 1840. He served for some time on the west coast of Africa in 1846-47, and returned to the United States in time to take part in the Mexican War, in which he distinguished himself by his personal bravery. Special service on the ^Mediterranean station, and with the Coast Survey in the Gulf of Jlexico, occupied his lime until 1850. In May of that year he sailed for the Arctic Ocean with the first expedition sent out by Henry Grinnell (q.v.), of Xew York, luider the command of Lieut. E. J. De Haven, in search of Sir John Franklin (q.v.). The two ships, the Advance and the llrseue, were held fast in the ice for months off the coast of Greenland, and the expedition accom])lished little besides the discovery of a new island at the head of Welling- ton Channel, which they named Grinnell Land. The ships finally drifted southeast iido Ballin Bay, extricated themselves from the ice, and re- turned to New York in September, 1851. Kane, who had become impressed with the idea that great results miglit be accomplished by a Polar expedition scientifically planned, imme- diately began to interest others in his scheme. Henry (irinnell and George Peabody came to hi.-i aid, and on May 30, 1853, he sailed northward in command of the Advance, accompanied by Dr. Isaac I. Hayes as surgeon. He proceeded directly up Smith Sound to latitude 78° 43' N. Here further advance was impeded by the ice, and he wintered in Van Rensselaer Harbor, from which point he and Dr. Hayes conducted expe- ditions on sledges in various directions, as a result of which much valuable geological and geographical knowledge was obtained. One of these sledge journeys led to the discovery of the famous Humboldt glacier (79° 12' N.). In June, 1854. another party reached Cape Constitu- tion, in latitude 80° 35' N., from which open sea was seen to the northward. In May, 1855, the Advance was finally abandoned, and the party after a sledge journey of 1200 miles reached Upornavik, whence they returned to the United States. The expedition resulted in adding more- to the knowledge of the Arctic regions than any single expedition previously undertaken, and Dr. Kane received medals from Congress, and also the Founder's ^ledal of the Royal Geographical Society and the gold medal of the Societ«'> de Geographic. He published accounts of both ex- peditions in which he took part: The United States Grinnell Expedition (18.54); and The Second Grinnell Expedition (1856). Consult also: Elder, Bior/raphi/ of Elisha Kent Knne (1857); and Greely, American Explorers and Travelers (1804). KANE, .John Kintzixg (1705-1858). An American jurist and politician, born in .Albany. He graduated at Yale in 1814: studied law; and, after 1SI7. practiced in Philadelphia. In politics he was at first a Federalist, hut soon became a Democrat, was an ardent supporter of .lackson, and vigorously attacked the United States Bank. He served on the commission of 1832 to settle French indemnities. In 1846 he was appointed