Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/409

* KAMA. 375 KAMEKE. again as the son of Krishna and Riikmini. The child was now called PradjTimna, another name for Cupid. Kama is armed with a bow" made of sugar-cane; it is strung with bees, and its ar- rows, live in number, are blossoms of flowers which overcome the five senses. His banner is decorated with a fish, and he rides on a parrot or a sparrow, the symbol of voluptuousness. Con- sult: Dowson, Hindu. Mytholoqy (London, 1879) ; Wilkins, 1/ infill UyOwloyi) ('ib., 1900). KAMAKURA, kU'ma-kijo'rii (Japanese, sickle-eache, or store-house). A seacoast village in Japan, 12 miles south of Yokohama, in a valley inclosed by hills, with entrances from each point of the compass (Map: Japan, A 4). It was founded in the seventh century a.d. Yoritomo, the famous general, who became Shogun in 1185, made it his capital, and it remained for nearly four hundred j'ears the political centre of .Japan, and the residence of most of the shoguns and the scene of much bloodshed and unrest. Having so often suffered liy fire and civil war, it has little to-day to attest its bygone greatness. It had ceased to be a town of any importance long before lyeyasu conquered the Kiwanto and fixed his resi- dence at Yedo. It is now a place of great resort for its natural Ijcauties. its still large number of famous relics, and its Shinto and Buddhist shrines. One mile distant stands the famous bronze image of Dni-Butsu, or 'Great Buddha,' 49 feet 7 inches high, cast in the year a.d. 1252, and visited annually by thousands of tourists, both native and foreign. KAMA'LA, or KAMEE'LA (Hind, kamlla). A inediciiie fairly elTJcient against tai)eworm. It consists of the glands and hairs from the capsules of Tualotus Philippincnsis, a small tree of the order Euphorbiaceae, which grows wild in Abyssinia. Australia, Eastern China, Southern -Arabia, and India. KAMAL-UD-DIN ISMAIL ISFAHANI, kfi'miil ud den es'ma-el es'fa-ha'ne ( — 1237). A Persian poet. He was born at Ispahan, the son of .Tamal-ud-Din Abd-ur-Razzak, himself a poet of some merit, and was carefully educated. Not only talented, but -wealthy, Kamal-ud-Din was noted for generosity and public spirit until his confidence was abused by those whose benefactor he had been. He became misanthropic, and as- suming the garb of a Sufi, he retired to a hut in the suburbs of Ispahan. Here he won the e>-^ teem of those by whom he w'as surrounded, and when the army of the Mongol Uktai Khan, the son of Genghis Khan, seized the city, the poor concealed their treasures in Kamal-ud-Din's hut. A young Mongol accidentally discovered this fact, and in the attempt to force the poet to give yet more money, Kamal-ud-Din was tortured to death, writing, according to tradition, a quatrain of expostulation on his wall with his own blood. He was the author of a treatise on the bow. and of iither works, hut his fame rests on his Diiran (edited in lithograph at Bombay), a collection of poems, highly esteemed among the literary men of his day. This comprises kassidas. or eulogies of his patrons, as well as of ghazals, and qua- trains, the latter ehiefiy devoted to love themes, and is of considerable poetic beauty. KAMBAI-U, knm-bii'l— ., KAMBALUC, CAMBALU, CAMBALECH (IMongol Khfin- hn}i(ih. the Khan's City). Various forms of the name of the capital of China during the Mongol or Yuen dynasty, founded by Kublai Khan. It was captured by Genghis Khan in 1215, in 1264 it became the residence of Kublai, and continued to be the capital until 1.3(58, when the Mongols were driven out by Hung-wii (q.v. ). It cor- responded in part to that portion of Peking which is known as the Tatar City. It was visited and described by Marco Polo and other Europeans in the thirteenth century, and was the archiepiseopal seat of Friar John of Montecor- vino. Consult Yule, Cathay and the Way Thither (Hakluyt Society. 18fi6). KAMCHATKA. See Kamtchatka. KAME. The name given to low hills com- posed of glacial sands and gravels arranged in stratified order. Kames frequently occur in the vicinity of the terminal moraines that mark the retreat of the continental ice-sheets of the Pleis- tocene period. See Dkift; Glacial Period. KAMEHAMEHA, ka-ma'ha-m.a'hii. The name of several kings of the Hawaiian Islands. Kamehameha I., called Nui (the Great) (1736- 1819), was the first King of all the Hawaiian Islands. For the details of his reign, see Hawaiian Islands. — Kamehameha II., called LiHOLiHO( 1797-1824) — has also been fully treated under Hawaiian Islands. — Kamehameha III., called Kauikeaouli (1813-54), succeeded his brother Kamehameha in 1824. While under the inlluence of .William Richards (q.v.) he issued in 1840 the first written Hawaiian Constitution, which was replaced in 1852 by a more perfect instrument. Kamehameha III. was repeatedly involved in difficulties with foreign countries. The British Consul, Richard Charlton, labored persistently to secure the annexation of the isl- ands by his country, but ultimately was dis- avowed by Great Britain. France also threat- ened the country, so that in 1851 the King placed his kingdom provisionally under the protection of the United States. — Kamehameha IV., called Alexander Liholiho (18,34-03). ascended the throne in 1855. He was one of the most beloved of his dynasty. The country suffered during his reign on account of the impossibility of conclu- ding a treaty of reciprocity with the United States. During his reign the English language was introduced in place of Hawaiian in the pub- lic .schools. — Kamehameha V., called Lot (1830- 72), was the last of his dynasty. He was re- actionary, and in 1864 promulgated a constitu- tion of his own. See Hawaii. Islands. KAMEHAMEHA, Order of. An Hawaiian order with three classes, in honor of Kame- hameha I., founded in 1864 by Kamehameha V. Its insignia are a white enameled cross with gold rays surmounted by a crown. The device is E Hookanaka (Be a man). KAMEKE, ka'me-ke, Arnold Karl Georg von (1817-93). A Prussian general. He was born at Pasewalk, entered the army in 1834, and was Prussian attache at Vienna from 1856 to 1858. He became colonel in 1S61. major-general soon aftei, and was chief of staff to the Second Army Corps in flie Austrian campaign of 1866. During the Franco-Prussian War he fought as lieutenant- general in command of the Fourteenth Infantry Division at Spichern and Gravclotte. captured a number of fortresses, such as ^Fontmrdy and MeziMTs. and had charge of the engineering oper- ations around Paris. From 187.3 to 1883 he w'as Minister of War.