Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/394

* KABYLES. 360 KADELBURG. pushed their conquests across Northern Africa tlicy giivc tl'.is imiiie to all non-Arab peoples who tied to the uplands, including with the Berbers (Iniazighen) the descendants of the Carthagin- ians. Greeks, and Itonians. all of the Jlediter- ranean race, the N'andals, of the Teutonic race, and the Berberized negroes. They are above the average in stature (1.077 ni., or (iU inches), the men being notably taller than the women; and dolichoccphalie, their index being 70.4. All of tliem come from long-headed stock, Jlediter- ranean, Teutonic, and negro. A most interesting characteristic is ihe frequent occurrence of blonds among them. Opinions have been divided whether to attribute this feature to original albinism in the Ilamite era or to the blond Teutonic. Blond Hamites, however, are represented on Egyptian t(md)s as early as H.c. 1800-l;iOO, and the great prevalence of the feature shows it to be deeply rooted. The Kabyles. following the instincts of their Hamitie descent, are not roving and aggressive like the Arabs, but are agricultural and indus- trial. In dress, home, furniture, to(ds and im- plements, they are little different from the patri- archs described in the Bil)le. They use the wooden plow and thresh their grain with the tribulum or harrow with stone teeth. They are good workers in iron, brass, and leather, and the women are skillful in basketry textiles. No machinery of any kind exists among them. Kabyle pottery is all made by women without the use of tlie wheel. The forms are plates, bottles of plain or quaint designs, teaiiot forms, pitchers, amphora', etc. The cMjlors are ecru, red, terra-cotta, and black. Their ornamentation is made up of an infinite number of patterns, in which dots, lient lines, hachures. an<l geometrical forms are mingled; but there is no evidence of legendary designs. ]'"resh interest is awakened in Kabyle pottery by its resemblance to the ware found in the prehistoric cemeteries of The Kabyle village is similar in structure and motives to'those of the Pueblo Indians, but of a higher grade. The notion of terrace-building, which unites habitation and defense, is promi- nent. In the more prosperous settlements the houses cover a hill rising so steeply that the lower houses are commanded from above, the crest forming a citadel. The tile roofs, heavy wooden framework, squared walls, added stories, and decorated i)orches, with some ideas of archi- tectural projiorlion and ornament, arc marks of higher culture, but structurally they are defec- tive. The interior of the Kaliyle house (13x1.5 feet) is divided by a partition wall into two rooms, one of them at a higlier level than the other. In the latter the family eat. live, and sleep. The low-er is a stable for domestic ani- mals, and is ventilated into the living room. Granaries of burnt clay are built over the stables. The walls arc whitewashed, luats serve for beds, and the fire is in a pit, round which are stones to support the cooking-pots. The family is patriarchal and monogamy is the universal custom. The women and girls go about unveiled, and are said to enjoy much greater freedom than their sex among the Arabs. But their life is a hard one and they are old and wrinkled at thirty. The families are organ- ized into a thousand or more clans or septs living in separate villages. The tribes, which form larger units of nations and confederacies, are ruled by Amins, who are conunanders-in- ehicf in war and civil rulers in peace. They are not despotic, however, since their acts are sub- ject to the revision of a council. Beneath the civil rule is felt the inlhience of secret societies, which arc all-powerful in elections and policies. The language of the Kabyles belongs to the Libyan or Berber group, and forms a member of the 8emita-Haniite family. The religion is a somewhat modilicd Moham- medanism. Kach village possesses one or more imosques resend)ling enlarged dwellings, not always adorned with minarets. The Imam has care of the religious serA'iccs and the instruc- tion of the young. lie is treated with great respect, consulted in im))ortanl affairs, and is often the arbitrator in famil,v disputes. Education, bevond learning to read, is most meagre. The Berber language is the vernacular, but a knowledge of Arabic is essential for com- mercial transactions. Since the French occupaticm of Algeria and the existence of good govi'rnment and deuumd for labor, the Kab,vles are coming down from their seclusion an<l securing employment on the public works and in the cities. Consult: llanoteau et Letourneux, La Kab;)Ue et leu Coutinnes A'(/6///c.s (.3 vols., Paris, 1803); Randall-JIaciver and Wilkin, Libyan iS'otcs (Lon- don, 1!)01). See Libyans. KACHH, kiich. An inlet of the Arabian Sea. See CiTCii, Gulf of. KACHH. A principality of British India. See Curiii. KACHH GtTNDAVA, gun-dii'vii. See CuTCii GUMI.WA. KACZKOWSKI, kacb-kov'sk*, Zygmxjnt (1820-90). A Pidish writer of historical ro- mances, born at Bereznia. Galicia, and educated at the University of Lemberg. At the revolution of 1848 he emerged into jmblic life, and in 1861 the pid)lication of his newspaper Glos led to a short imprisonment, ffdlowed by a lengthy sojourn in Paris. He afterwards returned to Vienna and fully occupied himself with literary pursuits. ^Vnllcr:inta (1858) is said to be his masterpiece, but he published other novels, marked by the same channing style and fidelity to history, such as liilii-a o Horonxankz (1852); Rraeia Htubui (3 vols., 18.54) ; Dziu-ozoiia (4 vols., 18.55) ; he lombenu de yieczuii (1858); Sodalis Marianus (5 vols.. 1858) ; Anrnmeyula (1858) ; La femme en Polopne (4 vols., 1802) ; Le Comte Rale (1878) ; and Lc porirfniilJe de ieczuja (1883). KADAPA, or CXJDDAPAH, kud'da-pii. The capital of a district of the same name, and a military cantonment in iladras, British India, situated near the southern bank of the Penner, 140 miles northwest of JIadras (Map: India, C 0). It carries on a trade in cotton, cotton cloth, and imligo. Population, 17,400. KADELBURG, ka'dd-brTorK. Gustav (1851 — ). An Austrian draumtist and actor. l)orn at Budapest. He made his debut in Leipzig at seventeen; played at Berlin from 1871 to 1883, with the exception of two seasons; toured in the T'nited States; and from 1884 to 1894 was ensaged at the German Theatre in Berlin. Soon afterwards he left the stage and became manager of the Volkstheater in Vienna. He wrote many