Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/366

* JUNO AND HEB.A. 336 JUNTA. of the priestess that the Argives dated events. The sanctuary was excavated by the. ierican Sehool of Classical Studies at Athens in 18!I2 and the following years. (See Waldstein, The Argive Hcrniim. New York, 11102.) Th<' riles of Hera at this place included an important festival which seems to have represented the mystic mar- riage, as did lier festivals at other temples. Next to that of Argos was the famous temple on the island of Sanios, of which one column is still standing. Here was a tradition of the birth of the gotldess, under a sacred willow, and another annual marriage festival. Tiie best defined cult of Hera as a marriage-goddess was at Platica and on the neigldjoring summit of ilount Cithse- ron, where a great festival was celebrated in honor of Zens and Hera, as it was said that Zeus had carried the maiden Hera from Kuboea to a cave on this nio itain. In literal urc Hera appears not only as the matron and nnl>lo queen of the gods, but also as the jealotis. proud, and somewhat shrewish wife, bitterly angered at her husband's numerous inlidelities. and frerpiently persecuting the children of her rivals. These stories of 'dympian quarrels do not seem to have influenced the cult. The most famous statue of Hera was that by Polyeleitus at Argos, but no certain copies are known, and this is also true of the representations by other great artists. In- deed, statues or busts of Hera are comparatively rare in our museums. The goddess is represented standing, fully draped, with the sceptre, and in many cases with a veil. Of busts, the oldest is the rude limestone head from Olympia. The most oeleorated are probably the Hera Farnese in Xaples, once believed to be a copy of the work of Polyeleitus, though now recognized as belonging to an earlier jierind and difTerent school, and the beautiful Hera Ludovisi. in Rome, a work prob- ably of the fourth century B.C.. though the date is still much discussed. In reliefs, jjaintings, and especially on vases, the type of Ilera natu- rally varies nuich. but in general preserves the character of the matron and queen. Jt'NO (for Tovino) was throughout Italy the consort of Jupiter, and the queen of heaven. The ■whole worship of .Tuno shows the closest paral- lelism to that of her husband. To her the kalends (first) of each month were sacred, and in the earlier belief she also controlled the thunderbolt. This aspect of her cult is shown in her name. Itrrihia. but it gradually passed into the background, and .luno became the godde.ss of ■women, especially of wives and mothers: her great festival as Lucina. who helped in child- birth, was the Matronulia on the first of IMarcli, and other prominent celebrations in her honor were in the hands of women. On the Capitol she was not only honored in the shrine of .Tupiter. but also h:id her own temple as Monr.la. where later the T?oman mint was situated. In later times Greek influence much afTect<?d the Roman oult. Consult in addition to the standard my- thologies: Roseher. Juno und Hera (Leipzig, 18751 ; Overbeek, Griechisehe Eunstmyfliologic, vol. ii. (T>eipzig. 1873). JUNOT, zhvi'mV. .AxnociiE, Duke of Abrant^s M 771 ml. 3). A marshal of France. He was born October 2.3. 1771. at Bussy-le-Grand. in the Department of Cote-d'Or. entered the army as a

lunteer during the earlv days of the Revolu- tion, and distinguished himself in the first wars of the Republic. Xapoleon's attention was first drawn lo him during the siege of Toulon. Junot accompanied his patron to Italy as aide-de-camp, and at the battle of .Millesiino (April 1314, 170t>) he distinguished him^-elf so greatly that he was chosen to carry the captured colors back to Paris. He was later woundcil in the head at Lomato, an injury fiom the ellecls of which he never completely recovered. In 17'.)8 he fol- lowed Napoleon to Kgypt, was there created a brigadier-general, and particularly disiingiiished himself at Nazareth, where, at the head of three hundred cavalry, he put to flight an army of several thousand Turks. Having been wounded in a duel, .Junot was left in Egypt, and on the journey back to France was captured by the Knglish. He returned to Paris, h(>wever, in' 1800, and was made a general of division and com- mandant of Paris. The latter post was not filled by Junot in a satisfactory nianner. After he had served at .^rras for a short time he was sent, in 1804, as French Ambassador to Portugal. He left Lisbon without ])ernnssion. in 180;). and joined Napoleon in i;<Tmany. distinguishing him- self at the battle of .Vustcrlitz. l'"or a short, time in 1800 .Junot was again connnaiidant of Paris, but again .showed himself prodigal and extrava- gant, and finally, in 1807, he was appointed to the command of the army destined for the in- vasion of Portugal. His army, after undergoing dreailful privations, reached Lisbon December 1st, and Junot made hims(?lf master ot ;ill the strong places in the Kirigdom. For his brilliant con- duet at this time he was created Duke of -Vbranti^s and appointed Governor of Portugal; but being defeated by Wellington at Vimeiro ( .ugust 21. 1808). he concluded a convention at Cintra for the evacuation of Portugal by the French, returned to France, and subsequently fought in the Peninsula and in Russia. In 1812 he was stigmatized by Napoleon as deficient in energy, and sent to govern lllyria. .t this time, however, it became clear that his mind was deranged, and he was brought back to France and was taken to his father's house at ^lontbard, near Dijon, but two hours after his arrival he precipitated himself from a window and frac- tured his thigh-bnne. .Amputation was per- fonned, but .Junot frantically t<u-e off the band- ages, and died a week later, July 20, 1813. JUNOT, Lai-re. Dudxpss of Abrant^s (Lau- rette de Saint-Martin-Permon) ( 1784-1 S.SS). A French writer, the wife of General .Ttmot. to whom she was married in 1790. She was a social leader at the Court of Napoleon 1.. her salon being frequented by the most prominent person- ages in political and social life in Paris. Her boundless extravagance brought about complete financial ruin. .After the death of her husband in 181.'i. she devoted herself to historical writing.', and published Mcmoires, on f^ourriiirf! Insloriiina sur %'npnlron, la revolution, le rlirrrtoirr. If rnn- .lulnt, I'ftnpire. et la rcstrtiirnlion (18 vols.. 1831- S.')), which, with all their ditTuscness, bear wit- ness to her keen observation and soimd judgment. Despite the popular sensation produced by these and several other reminiscent works, she sank into misfortune and died in a charitable institu- tion in Paris. JUN'TA, fip. pron. nnrin'ta (Sp.. association). The name given in Spain and the Spanish-.Ameri- can countries to a body of persons combined for any political or civil object. The term was for- merly applied more exclusively to assemblies of