Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/350

* JUGGLER. 322 JUIVE. Chinese and Japanese are skilled jugglers; their feats are more the results of agility and prac- tice than the marvelous performances of the Hindu fakirs, which come more properly under the head of legerdemain. JITGLANDA'CE.a; (Xco-Lat. nom. pi., from Lat. juglans, walnut, from Jovis, Jove, Ok. ZeiJs, Zeus, Zeus. Skt. dynus, sky -f glans, acorn; con- nected with Gk. pdXapos, balanos, acorn), TllE Walnut K.vmily. A natural order of dicotyle- donous plants with about si.x genera and forty or fifty speiies, natives of the north t<'mperate zone, the members of which are mostly trees with alternate compound leaves; unattractive wind- fertilized, momecious llowers, the stamiiuitc in calkins, the pistillate sessile on twigs of the eur- . rent year's growth. Tlie arrangement of buds is rather unusual; there are often several in a row. and they appear high above the leaf-axils. The fruit is a nut. The timber of the principal genera is valuable, that of the black walnut being in demand for cabinet-work, etc., and the hickory for use where toughness and strength are desirable, as in tools and imi)lements. The chief genera are Juglans (the walnuts), Carya or Hicoria (the hickorj), and Pctrocarva. Fossil leaves of the genus .Juglans are found in the Upper Cretiiceous rocks of lircenland. They are also known from the Eocene. Mi<x.'ene, and Pliocene, in rocks of which latter age in Western America the genus is abundantly represented. See Walnut; Hickory. JUGULAR VEIN (from Lat. juyuhim, jugu- Ills, collar-bone, diminutive of jui/tiiii. yoke). One of two veins situated on each side of the neck, in pairs, whose function is to convey the blood from the head to the heart. The external jugular vein on either side is liK-ated just underneath the skin, and conveys the blood from the external portions of the head and neck; while the internal jugular vein on either side is deeper, lies near the carotid artery, and conveys the blood from the lateral sinus of the cranium. JUGURTHA (Lat., from Gk. 'lovyoipdat, louyuiirthd.i) ( V-n.c. 104). King of Xuniidia. He was the grandson of Jlasinissa, King of Xu- midia, and was brought up togctlier with .dher- bal and Hiempsal, the sons of his uncle ilicipsa, who succeeded llasinissa on the throne. He was finely gifted by nature, and during the Spanish campaign B.C. 1.34 gained tlie friendship of Scipio and other influential Komans. On the death of Mieipsa (n.c. 118). .lugnrtha was given a share in the Kingdom with his cousins; but he soon caused Hiempsal to be murdered and drove Ad- herbal out of the country. Adhcrbal appealed for aid to Rome, but -Jugurtha succeeded in brib- ing many Roman senators and obtained a decision in his favor, freeing him from the charge of the murder of Hiempsal. and assigning him a larger share of the Kingdom than was given to .Vdhcrbal. But .Jugurtha soon invaded -Adherbal's dominions, and. notwithstanding injunctions by the Romans to the contrary, besieged him in the town of C'irta (B.C. 112), and caused him and the Romans who were captured with him to be put to death with horrible tortures. War was declared against .Jugurtha by the Roman people ; but. by bribing the generals. Jugurth.a contrived for years to baffle the Roman power. At last the Consul. Q. Ca-cilius Metellus. proving inaccessible to bribes, defeated him in B.C. 109 and 108, and he was compelled to (lee to the Mauritanian King, Bocchus. JIarius, who succeeded Metellus in the command, carried on the war against Jugurtha and liucclius, till at last Bocchus delivered up Jugurtha to the Romans (B.C. 100). The King after being kept a captive in Africa for two years was exhibited at Rome in the triumph of Marias (n.c. 104), and then thrown into the underground dungeon, the Tullianum, to die of hunger. In the war against Jugurtha, ilarius and .Sulla, the future rival iinixrutons, first gained celebrity. .Jugurtha's fame rests ehielly on the masterly essay. Urlhiin I ugurthinum, of the Roman histo- rian Sallust (q.v.). jtfHLKE, yul'kc, Feruikanu (1815-!)3). A Gemian horticulturist, born at Barth in Pome- rania. He was trained in the Botanical Gardens at Greifswald, and in 1854 he was appointed royal horticultural inspector and head- of an ex- perimental station. From ISGti to 1891 he was di- rector of the I'russian Royal Gardens, succeeding Lenne. He edited the Eldmaer ArcliiL- ( 18iJ4-59) , and wrote many works on gardening, including: (liirtiicrische h'eisebericlile (18.^3); (Jartenbuch fiir Damen (3d ed. 1874) ; Ueber die Utellung der Uolanik zur Landnirtschaft und zum Oar- tenbau (18(i5); and Uie koiiigliche (Itirlncr- lehranstalt und Laiulesbaumschule (1872). He edited Schmidlin, lilumtnzucht im Zimiiicr (4th cd. 1880). JUHLKE, Karl LtnwiG (18.56-SG). A Ger- man explorer, son of Ferdinand .Jiihlke, born at Kldena. He was educated at 'I'iibingen, Leipzig, Heidelberg, and Berlin, and in 1884', as one of the founders of the (icrnian Colonization Asso- ciation, went with Peters to East Africa and ex- jilored and annexed the country around Movmt Kilimanjaro. He was murdered by a Somali on a second expedition, in 188G. He' published Die Enccrbiinii dis liliina-dsch<iro-(Jebietcs (1886). JUTF ERRANT, zhw.H a'riix', Le (Fr., The Wandering Jew). (1) A famous romance by Eugene Sue (1345). The main plot rests on the contest f.ir a fortune of 150.000.000 francs, which is to fall either to the .Jesuits or to those mem- liers of the Rennepont family who shall be in Paris on a given dale. The Renneponts arc the descendants of the Wandering Jew, who, with his sister, is doomed to endure life until the last of his race has disaj)peared. In the romance the Jesuits employ all moans to annihilate the fam- ily before the appointed day. and. aided by the cholera, succeed; but the old .Jew who is the custodian of the treasure leaves in the box nothing b>it the ashes of the title deeds to the fortune. The Wandering Jew and his sister, re- leased from their curse, welcome the approach of death. Of the characters. Rodin, the agent of the .Jesuits, and Hagobert, the faithful pre- server of Colonel Rennepont's daughters, are the principal actors. The story was dramatized by Sue. and suecessfullv produced at the Ambigu in 1840. (2) An opeVa by Hale^'v (18.52). JUIVE, zhw^v, La (Fr., the .Jewess). An 0])cra in five acts with libretto by Scribe and score by Hali'T-, produced at the Opi'ra. Paris, in 1835. The scene is laid at Constance at the be- ginning of the fifteenth century. The plot rests on the infatuation of the .Jewish Rachel for Prince Leopold, nephew of Emperor Sigisninnd, who wins her love in disguise, and is denounced by her when she discovers his identity. The