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* JOEIS. 291 JOSEPH. 1878 and 1881 his works were awarded no fewer than twelve medals. JOKISTS. See Davidists. JOK'KINS. In Dickens's David Copperfield, the solt-hearted partner of ilr. Spenlow. The latter, in his intercourse with clients, paints Jer- kins as a rigid taskmaster, and so throws the responsibility for tlie firm's acts on him. JOR'TIN, John (1698-1770). A Church of England prelate. He was born in London, Octo- ber 23, 1098. His father was a French Protestant of Brittany, having come to England on the revo- cation of the Edict of Xantes. The son was edu- cated at Charterhouse and at Jesus College, Cambridge, taking his first degree in 1719. soon became a fellow of the college, and graduated as Jl.A. in 1722. While at Cambridge he published a small volume of Latin poems, entitled Lusus Poetici, regarded as worthy of a high place among modern Latin verses. He was presented with a living in Cambridgeshire ( 1727 ), but removed to London, where he became an admired preacher. He was rector of Eastwell in Kent (1737), and Saint Dunstan's-in-the-East (1751): became in 1726 the domestic chaplain of the Bishop of Lon- don, rector of Kensington, London, and a pre- bend in the Church of St. Paul's (1762). In 1764 he was made Archdeacon of London. He died September 5, 1770. His most important works were: Remarks on Ecdesiastical Histori/ (1751-54; new edition bv TroUope. 1846) ; Life of Erasmus (1758-60: new edition 1808) ; Tracts. Philological, Critical, and Miscellaneous (1790). He wrote also criticisms on Spenser, ililton, Til- lotson. Cardinal Pole. Seneca, and others. Con- sult his Life, by Trollope (London, 1846). JORXILLO, B-O-Too'lyd. A volcanic mountain in the State of Michoacan, Mexico, situated 70 miles southwest of Jlorelia. the capital of the State. It is of comparatively recent origin, having risen from the surrounding plain as a result of the earthquake of September 29. 1759. Besides Jorullo, there sprang up five other vol- canic cones and a large number of small cones, which were still active at the time of the visit of Humboldt in 1803. The surrounding region is covered with lava-fields and scattered volcanic rocks, showing evidence of the extent of the erup- tion, and near the cone are a number of hot springs. The height of .Jorullo above the sea is 42G5 feet ; it is now dormant. JOSE, Ho-sa', PoEMA DE (Sp., poem of Jo- seph). A Spanish poem belonging to the class of documents called aljamiados. i.e. works written in the Spanish language, but with Arabic char- acters. Through a hieratical impulse, or merely as a result of a rooted attachment to the alpha- betical signs of their ancestral speech, certain of the Moors, when composing in Spanish, adapted the Arabic signs to the purpose, and avoided the use of the Roman characters. The Jose is the most interesting work of the kind. It seems to have been written in the sixteenth century, and possibly on Aragonese territory, if we may judge by some dialect forms found in it. It tells the story nf the selling of .Joseph by his brethren and of his life in Egypt, intermingling with the narrative elements of Mohammedan tra- dition. In form it is modeled upon the old Spanish poems, i.e. it is in quatrains of twelve-syllabled or fourteen-syllabled lines, with a single rhvme in the quatrain. From the phonetic point of view this work, like others of its kind, has a certain value, since the adaptation of the Arabic alphabet to Spanish sounds all'ords a possible clew to the real nature of those sounds at the time in ques- tion. Consult Morf's ed. of the Jose (Leipzig, 1883) ; the Litteralurhlatt fiir germanische und romanische Philologie, vol. xi., pp. 34ff. ; Ford, "The Old Spanish Sibilants," in Harvard Univer- sity Studies and Xotes in Ph ilology and Literature- (Boston. 1900) : Menendez Pidal, Poema de Yucuf (Madrid, 1902). JOSEF'FY, Rafael (1853—). An Hunga- rian-American pianist, composer, and teacher, born at Miskolcz. Hungary. He was edu- cated mainly under Moseheles at the Leipzig Conservatory, but studied subsequently under Tausig at Berlin. About 1880 he established him- self in Xew York, and afterwards came to be recognized as one of the leading teachers and concert virtuosos in his adopted country. Before coming to America he had won for himself a high reputation as an interpreter of Chopin, and, after some very successful concert tours throughout Germany and Austria, had made a place for him- self in the musical life of Vienna, in which city he had taken up his residence. He published up- ward of a score of piano compositions, which are marked by delicacy and charm of musical phrasing. For many years Josefl'y was a member of the faculty of the Xational Conservatory of Music, Xew York. His playing has been charac- terized as possessing great delicacy, charm of touch, facility of execution, and exquisite finish. JO'SEPH (Heb. Yoseph, he increases, per- haps an abbreviation of Yoseph 'El, God in- creases ). The son of Jacob and Rachel ( Gen. xxx. 22-24), eponym of the tribe of Joseph. The story of Joseph is given with much detail in the last fourteen chapters of the Book of Genesis. He is represented as the favored son of his father; for this reason and because of his own boyish arrogance in consequence of it, he gains -the ill-will of his brethren. Taking advantage of a favorable opportunity, they decide to kill him. but ultimately think better of their purpose and sell him into slavery instead. He is taken to Egjpt and becomes the slave of Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh. Resisting the advances of Potiphar's wife, he gains her enmity and is put in jjrison on a false accusation by her. His skill in interpreting dreams secures his release and brings him into favor with Phara6h. He saves Egj'pt in a time of famine and becomes the high- est official in the land. The famine extends to Palestine, and .Joseph's brethren come to Egypt for provisions. A reconciliation follows, and .Jacob and all his family remove to Egjpt and take up their residence in the land of Goshen. The critical scholars think that the story of Joseph, like those of Abraham. Isaac, and .Jacob, is a combination of two sources, the Y'ahwistic and Elohistic narratives. ( See Eloiiist axd Yah- wiST.) The combination represents the welding together of a much larger number of elements than in any of the other narratives in Genesis. In the minds of both writers (,T and E). .Joseph is the representative of the northern kingdom of Israel, and the importance assigned to him in- dicates a northern origin of these stories. This is particularly evidenf in those portions of the- composite narrative which belong to K (a north- ern writer), and. while .J (a .Judean writcrl also must admit the superiority to be accorded to.