Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/307

 JONES.* Pacific, and was for some years a commissioner of the naval board, and governor of the naval asylum at Philadelphia.

JONES, Jenkix Lloyd (1843—). An Ameri- can Unitarian clerg^'man and author, born at Llandyssil, Cardisanshire, Wales. He was brougiit to Wisconsin when but a year old. He swerved in the Civil War: at its close studied theology in Jleadville. Pa., and afterwards be- came pastor of All Souls' Church. .Janesville, Wis. (1874-8.3). Afterwards he was in charge of All Souls', Chicago. He lectured for the Chi- cago University extension course, and publislied Practical Pict>i (1890); The Seven Great Reli- gions (1804) ; Word of the Spirit (1897) ; and Jess: Bits of Wayside Gospel (1897).

JONES, John (1729-91). An American sur- geon, born at Jamaica, N. Y., of Welsh descent. He studied medicine at Paris, Leyden, London, and Edinburgh ; practiced in New York ; became professor of surgery in King's College : and, with Dr. S. Bard, founded the New York Hospital (1771). When New York was occupied by the British, he went to Philadelphia, where he was elected one of the physicians of the Pennsylvania Hospital; and in 1787, on the institution of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, he was elected vice-president. He was Washington's family physician in Philadelphia, and the inti- mate friend and physician of Frankliiii. whom he attended in his last illness. He published Plain Remarks upon Wouiirls and Fractures (177.5), republished with a memoir, by Dr. Jlease (179.5). Jones was a skillful operator, and especially well known for his success in lithotomy.

JONES, John Pail (1747-92). A famous naval oflicer in the American Revolution, born in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland, July 6, 1747. His name was originally .John Paul, '.Jones' being subsequentl}' added for reasons unknown. In his twelfth year he was ap]u-enticed to a mer- chant of ^liitehavon, who was actively engaged in the American trade, and shortlv thereafter sailed for Virginia, where his brother was set- tled as a planter. For a time he lived at Fred- ericksburg with his brother, devoting his leisure to the study of nautical affairs. In 1766, his indentures being canceled, he made a voyage to Jamaica as chief mate on a slaver. He soon abandoned this business, however, and in 1768 took passage in a brigantine for Scotland. The master and mate dying in the course of the voy- age. Paid assumed command and carried the vessel safely into port. For this .scTvice the owners appointed him captain and supercargo and sent him on a voyage to the West Indies. He continued this trade and accumulated a fortune by commercial speculation. In 1773, his brother having died childless and intestate, he returned to Virginia to settle the affairs of the estate which had fallen to him, and for a time gave his attention to planting. It was then that he as- sumed the name of .Tones, by which he w.a.s sub- sequently known. Upon the outbreak of the Revolution he offered his services on behalf of the Colonies, and was early invited to aid the Naval Committee of Congress with information and advice. He also served on a commission for (he purchase of vessels for the new navy, and on December 22. 177:'). was commissioned senior fir.-t lieutenant of the tla^'ship Alfred. After a short cruise, during which a successful attack was made on New Providence and a squadron was captured, he was transferred to the Providence with the rank of captain. He then made a cruise in the West Indies, and in forty-seven days cap- tured sixteen prizes and destro.yed a number of small vessels together with the fishery at Isle Madame. He then resumed command of the Alfred, and in November, 1776, sailed from New- port to Nova Scotia, where he captured a number of British coal transports, liberated a hundred .Americans confined at tiard labor in the mines, destroyed the Cape Breton Fishery, and returned to Boston with several prizes. In June, 1777, Jones was transferred to the command of the Ranger, one of the newly built vessels of the navy, and the one upon which the stars and stripes are said to have been hoisted for the first tiifie. On November 1st .Jones sailed from Ports- mouth, N. H.. with instructions to hover about the coast of Great Britain and destroy the Eng- lish shipping. Before entering the Channel he stopped in France to deliver to the American Commissioners the oflicial dispatches announcing the surrender of Burgoyne, and to confer with them in regard to his mission in Euro- l>ean waters. He then sailed to the north coast of England, seized the port of Whitehaven, spiked its guns, and burned some of the shipping. It was then that he conceived the project of captur- ing the Earl of Selkirk on his fine estate near Kirkcudbright, and of holding him as a hostage. The project miscarried on account of the absence of the Earl, whose plate, however, was appro- ])riated by the crew of the Ranijer and was sold, but was subsequently purchased by .Jones and re- stored to the rightful owner. In the summer of 1778 Jones captured near the English coast the Drake, a twenty-gini war-ship of su])erior build, and carried it into Brest with 160 prisoners. His exploits won him great renown in America, and he was placed in command of the ship Duras, furnished by the French Government, the name of which he changed to the Bon Homme Richard, and in August, 1779, he sailed with a squadron of five vessels, three American and two French, for the coast of Scotland, creating even greater alarm among the inhabitants than before. OtT Flamborough he fell in with a fleet of forty-one British merchantmen returning from the Baltic and convoyed by two powerful men-of- war, the Serapis. carn-ing forty guns, and the ('ountess of Scarboront/h. with twenty guns. On the evening of September 23. 1779. .Tones engaged the Serapis in battle, and after three hours' desperate fighting, during the course of which the Serapis and the Bon Homme Richard were lashed together, the Serapis surrendered, . The lion Homme Richard, however, was so badly dam- aged that it sank two days later, the crew in the meantime being transferred to the Serapis.

For this victory .Tones was. upon his arrival in Paris, presented by Louis XVI. with a gold- mounted sword, and was decorated with the cross of the Order of ]Militai-y Merit. T^pon his re- turn to America in February. 1781. Concress voted him a gold medal, passed a resolution commending his "zeal, prudence, and intrepidity," assignied him to the command of a new ship of the line then building, and proposed to create for him the rank of rear-admiral. He also received a complimentaiy letter from General Washington. The British, however, regarded Jones as a pirate, and refused to recognize the