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* JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. 253 JOHNSON. as the Women's Fund Memorial Building), the Physiological, the Pathological, and the CUuiq^l. In 1902 the total value of the property under con- trol of the university Tvas .$1,157,881, the endow- ment $4,488,841, and the gross income $258.08-3. The university has at various time.s received generous gifts, including one of .$307,000 from Hiss Mary E. Garrett of Baltimore, supplement- ing a previous gift of $112,000 from women in different parts of the country, which enabled the trustees to open the Medical School (1893), and, in accordance with the wishes of the benefac- tors, women are admitted on the same terms as men. Two general subscriptions for the benefit of the university have been made in Baltimore, amounting to nearly .$350,000 in addition to the million-dollar endowment fund above referred to. For two years the Legislatxire of ilaryland gave $50,000 per annum, $24,000 annualh- for the next two years, and .$2.5,000 annually for the past two years. The library contains 108,000 volumes; more than 1200 periodicals are regularly received. The library supplements the valuable collections of the Peabody Institute, containing 140.000 vol- umes. The ilaryland Geological Survey and the ^laryland Weather Bureau are closely con- nected with the university, occupying rooms in the university buildings. In 1903 the faculty included 145 professors, associates, instructors, assistants, and lecturers. In the same year there were 695 students, of whom 189 pursued graduate courses under the philosophical faculty, and 344 iinder the medical faculty, and 163 were enrolled in the undergiaduate courses. These figures have varied but little during the last few years. Dr. Gilman resigned the presidency in Xovember, 1900, the resignation taking effect at the end of the academic year. Professor Ira Remsen was chosen to succeed him, and he was formally in- augurated February 22, 1902. JOHN'SON, Ax.iy .Jewett (1827-84). An American publisher, born at Wallingford, Vt. He spent his early years on a farm, then went to Virginia, where he taught school for a time, and finally removed to New York in 1853, where he became interested in C. C. Colton's Atlas, which he subsequently bought and published un- der the name of Johnson's Illustrated Atlas. He afterwards brought out a number of other books, the most important of which was Johnson's Uni- versal CijclopcEdia, the publication of which in- volved him in a bitter dispute with D. Appleton & Co.. who afterwards bought it and published it under the title Universal Ci/clopwdia. JOHNSON, A^-DBEW (1808-75). Tlie seven- teenth President of the United States of America. He was bom at Raleigh, X. C. December 29, 1808. His father lived only four years after Andrew's birth, and left no funds for the edu- cation of the boy. who, at the age of ten, was bound out to a tailor. Lack of education was a preat grievance to Andrew, and he resolved to learn to read by himself. For this purpose he passed all the time between labor and sleep in study. .Just before his terra of ser-ice was out lie went to work on his own account as a joumey- iiian tailor at Laurens Court-house. S. C. In 1820 he removed to Greenville in East Tennessee, where he worked at his trade for about a year. and married Eliza MeCardle. who taught him writing and ordinary arithmetic. When only twenty years old .Johnson or- ganized a party of workingmen in opposition to the planters. The workingmen chose him alderman in that year, and reelected him in the two succeeding years. In 1830 Johnson was elect- ed mayor, serving for three years. To qualify himself for public imdertakings, he joined a de- bating society, most of whose members were stu- dents of Greenville College. In 1834 Johnson took an active part in advocating the proposed Constitution for the State; in 1835 he nominated himself for the Assembly, declaring himself a Democrat. He was successful in the ensuing elec- tion, but in 1837 failed of reelection because of his opposition to a financial measure, which, as was later proved, he rightly judged to be bad. In 1839 he was again chosen a memlier of the Legis- lature. In 1840 he was on the Democratic elec- toral ticket, and made many speeches for Van Buren. The next year he was elected to the State Senate, and in 1842 he was chosen a member of Congress, to which he secured four consecutive re- elections. While in the House he supported the annexation of Texas, the Mexican War, the re- funding of General .Jackson's fine for imprisoning a judge at Xew Orleans in 1815, the tariff of 1846, and the compromise of 1850. He favored the acceptance of the 49th degree of latitude to settle the Oregon boundaiy dispute, and was one of the foremost of the aovocates of a homestead law. He was also a firm supporter of the Presi- dent's veto power, and on all occasions was in favor of the greatest economy in public expendi- ture. He left Congress in March, 1853. and in the same year was chosen Governor of his State, and two years afterwards was reelected after a very turbulent canvass. In 1857 he was elected to the United States Senate, where he opposed the increase of the army and the legislation for the Pacific Railroad. He spoke little on slavery, his main interest being centred on the preservation of the Union. In the campaign of 1860. after being himself mentioned for the nomination, he supported Breckenridge imtil he found that secession was contemplated, when he repudiated him. When he went home in 1861, after opposing secession in the Senate, he was in great danger of his life. He worked hard for the Union cause, and at one time the secessionists turned his family out of their home. Early in March, 1862. .Johnson was made mili- tary Governor of Tennessee. For a long time he labored earnestly to bring his State back into the Union. Xear the beginning of ^larch, 1864. under .Johnson's special orders. Tennessee elected officers, both State and local. Three months afterwards he was nominated for Vice- President on the ticket with Lincoln. Six weeks after the inauguration Lincoln was shot, and .Johnson became President. On taking the execu- tive chair he made a brief speech, which was understood to mean that he would deal with the utmost severity with the leading seces- sionists. Instead of following this policy, his course, after he came under the influence of Secretary Seward, was the very opposite. He hastened to bring Virginia back to the Union, and near the clo.se of .June he brushed aside all regulations with regard to trade with the seeed- insr States. He proclaimed general amnesty to all (except a few special classes) who would swear to be loyal to the Union. L''nder his proclamation provincial governments were set up in a number of the States but a few weeks