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* JOHN. 251 JOHN DORY. Alogi, objected to it, not because they had any more correct knowledge of its origin, but because of its teachings, ascribing it to Cerintlius, accord- ing to tradition a bitter opponent of John in Ephesus. By 100-170 it was known and used along with the earlier three Gospels throughout the Christian Church. BiBLiouRAPHY. The literature of the fourth C4ospel is very extensive. Fairly complete lists will be found in Luthardt, Saint John, the Author of ilic Fourth Gos'pel (trans, by Gregory, Edin- burgh, 1875), and in Watkins, Modern Criticism Considered in Its Relation to the Fourth Gospel, Hampton Lectures, 1890 (London, 1890). Be- sides the .Yeio Testament Theoloyics of Weiss, Beyschlag, Bevan, Holtzmann, and Stevens ; the works on the Apostolic Age by Lechler, Hausrath, Weizsiicker, Bartlett, and McGiffert; the Com- mentaries of ileyer, 'eiss, Godet, H. Holtzmann, O. Holtzmann, and Westcott : the various hires of Christ, and the larger Introductions to the New Testament, especially those by Weiss, H. Holtz- mann. Salmon, and Th. Zahn, attention may be called to Sanday, The Gospels in the Second Cen- tury (London, 1870) ; Gloag, Introduction to the Johannine Writinys (London, 1891); Lightfoot, Essays on Supernatural lieliyion (London, 1889) ; Ezra Abbot, External Evidence of the Fourth Gospel (New York, 1891); Wendt, The Gospel Accordiny to John (trans.. New York, 1902) ; Lowrie, The Doctrine of Saint John (Lon- don, 1899). JOHN, Baptist .Joseph Fabian Sebastian, Archduke of Austria (1782-1852). An Austrian prince and general. He was born at Florence, the son of Leopold I., Grand Duke of Tuscany, afterwards the Emperor Leopold II. At an early age .Tohn showed considerable military talent, and in the wars with France he played an im- portant part. As commander he was extremely unfortunate. His army was crushed by Jloreau at Hohenlindcn ( 1801) ; he was defeated at Salz- burg soon afterwards; shared in the disaster of Austerlitz in 1805; was overthrown at Eaab, .Tune 14. 1809: and was unsuccessful in an at- tempt to join the aiiny of his brother. Archduke Charles, at Wagram. He was popular, however, on account of his amiability, the interest he took in the sciences and public improvements, and above all his favorable attitude toward German unity, in which he stood alone among those who represented the Austrian policy. When the Ger- man National Assembly met at Frankfort, after the commotions of 1848, he was called by a great majority, on June 29th of that year, to be Vicar (Reichsverweser) of GJermany. The progress of events being unfavorable to the Austrian inter- ests, he resigned his office December 20, 1849. He died at Gratz. JOHN, yon, Euge>-TE. The name of the Ger- man author who wrote under the pseudonvm 'E. Marlitt' (q.v.). JOHN A. GKINDLE, or .Joiinxy Grixole. A quaint name in the ilississippi Valley for the curious fish the bowfin {Amia calva), also called 'lawj'er.' See Bowfin. JOHN ANDERSON, MY JO. (1) A touch- ing ballad by Robert Burns. (2) An old Scotch song, a dialogue between a man and his wife ridiculing popery. Vol. XL— 17. JOHN BROWN'S BODY. One of the most frequently sung marching songs of the Civil War. The melody is said to have been heard ill a Southern colored church, and fitted to the words, "Say, brotliers, will you meet us?" at a meet- ing of the Young Men's Christian Association lield at Albany about 1800. The music was set to tile words of the first stanza by James E. Greenleaf, and the other stanzas were written by C. S. Hall, of Charlestown, Mass., in 18G1. Consult Johnson, Our Familiar Songs. JOHN B. STETSON UNIVERSITY. A co- educalional institution founded at DcLand, Fla., in 1887. It has a preparatory department, a college of liberal arts, schools of law, technology, music, and art, a normal and practice school, and a business college. It confers the degrees of bachelor of arts, philosophy, science, and laws, and of mechanical, civil, and electrical engineer. In accordance with an arrangement made in 1898, graduates of the college of liberal arts in high standing may receive corresponding de- grees from the University of Chicago. The uni- versity has a campus of 22 acres and well- equipped modern buildings, in large part the gifts of John B. Stetson, valued at .$300,000. Its endowment funds amounted in 1902 to over $210,000, and its income to $40,000. The college property is valued at $520,000. It has a library of more than 13.000 volumes. In 1902 its students numbered 429, of whom 00 were enrolled in the collegiate department. The number of professors and instructors was 40. JOHN BULL. See National Nicknames. JOHN BULL; or. The Englishman's Fire- side. The title of a comedv bv the vounger Col- man (1805). JOHN CAS'IMIR (1543-92). Count Pala- tine of the Rhine, the fourth son of Elector Pala- tine Frederick III. He was reared at the French and Lotharingian courts, and joined the Calvinist Church at the same time as Ids father, while the heir to the throne. Louis, remained a Lutheran. He at various times led troops into France to aid the Huguenots and into the Neth- erlands to aid the Dutch, but achieved little fame as a soldier. On the death of his brother he became Regent of the Palatinate during his nephew's minority, and made his Protestant sub- jects adopt the Calvinist creed — the third time in ten years they had been forced to change. JOHN CHINAMAN. See National Nick- names. JOHN COMPANY. A nickname for the East India Company, originating probably in India, in the eighteenth centuiy. JOHN CROW. The name in Jamaica and the British Antilles for the turkey 'buzzard' vulture (Cathartes aura). JOHN DORY. The English name of a small group of singular fishes found in the warm seas of the Old A'orld. One species {Zens faher) is well known in the ^Mediterranean as a food-fish, but is uncommon in the Atlantic. Its ugly and extraordinary form is shown in the accompanying illustration. Tlie body is greatly compressed, and the total length rarely exceeds 20 inches. The bony jaws can be widely opened, so that sur- prisingly large objects may be swallowed, and the fish is active in pursuit of its prey (other fishes).