Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/251

* JIB. 225 JIGS. being mostly vessels with a lateen rig. The for- ward and upper side of a jib lies along the stay, to which it is secured by lianks or travelers, and is inclined to the horizon at an angle vaiy- ing from 30 to liO degrees. The after edge or leech is more nearly vertical, and the foot is almost horizontal. The jib serves to balance the effect of the after sails and keep the ship's head from coming up to the wind. The jib-boom is a spar projecting from the bow of a vessel over which the jib is set. In large sailing ships the jib-boom projects through a hole in the bowsprit- cap, and its inner end or heel is secured on top of the bowsprit. Sometimes there is a flyiiig- jib boom, a light spar lying partly on the jib- boom, to which it is secured, and projecting be- yond it to give a lead to the flying-jib and fore- royal stays. The flying jib is a sail similar to the jib, but smaller, and is set on the flj-ing-jib stay. The jib-foresail is the forestaysail of a sloop. The jib-guy is a rope giving lateral sup- port to the jib-boom. It leads from the head of the latter to the end of the whisker-boom and then to the forecastle rail. When two sails are set between the foretopmast-staysail and jib they are called inner and outer jibs. The jib netting is a network with meshes 4 to 6 inches across, which is placed under the jib- boom and seized to the whisker-booms and jib- guys. It serves to keep the jib from hanging down into the water when hauled down, and is a safeguard to the men furling it in heavy weather. The jib-stay is a rope forming part of the standard rigging of a ship and serves to set the jib upon. It leads from the foretopmast- head to a slieave or hole in the outer end of the jib-boom, thence under a cleat on the dolphin- striker and in to the bow. The flying-jib stay is a rope similar to the jib-stay, but leading from the foretopgallant-mast-head to the end of the flying- jib boom, thence to the dolphin-striker and to the bow. The jib-topsail is a Hght sail on the topmast-stay of a small schooner or sloop.- See Sail. JIBE. To shift over a boom-mainsail or spanker when the wind is aft, or nearly aft, so that the wind will fill it on the other side. When the sail is a large one the sudden change of the wind pressure from one side to the other usually causes the vessel to heel over at a con- siderable angle, and if the operation is carelessly done in a strong breeze the vessel may capsize. The operation of wearing in a small fore-and-aft rigged vessel is usually called jibing, on account of the jibing of the mainsail. Jibing the spanker is of rare occurrence, as it is usually taken in when the wind is very far abaft the beam. JIBO'A, or JIBOTA. A native name in Brazil for a boa — more particularly, on the Ama- zon, the thick-necked boa. See Bo.. JICARILLA, ne'ka-re'Iy.a. A tribe of Atha- pascan stock formerly occupying the moimtain country about the heads of the Rio Grande, Pecos, and Canadian rivers, whence they some- times descended into the plains, but now restrict- ed to a reservation on the northern border of Xew Jlexico, west of the main divide. Their ancient alliances were usually with the Ute, as against the plains tribes and the Xavajo. and although they nre sometimes classed with the Apache, from the similarity of language, they have never had. so far as knoii, any political connection with that tribe. They were formerly very troublesome, by reason of their predatory habits ; but are now completely subjected, al- though still retaining their primitive character- istics to a iiigh degree. They number now about 800, and are constantly' decreasing. Their popu- lar name is supposed to be of Spanish origin, a diminutive of jieara, a basket-tray, their women being expert basket-weavers ; they call themselves simply dine, 'people,' a variant of the term in use among all the Athapascan tribes. JICIN, ye'chen. A town of Bohemia. See GiTSCHIX. JIIKDAH, or JEDDAH { Ar. Juddah) . The most important trading port on the Red Sea, situ- ated on the coast of the Hejaz, Arabia, about CO miles west of Jlecca (ilap: Asia, CO). It is a well-ouilt. prosperous-looking place, with wide streets and fine buildings, the chief of which are the Governor's residence, the custom-house, the mosques, and the fort. The climate is exceed- ingly hot, and the water-supply defective. Jid- dah was formerly the trading centre between Arabia and Africa, and its annual commerce amounted to about .$4,500,000. At present the city is more important as a landing-place for pil- grims to Mecca than a trading centre, though it is still the chief market for pearls, mother-of- pearl, black coral, coffee, balsam, aromatic herbs, horses and donkeys, and a depot for Oriental carpets and other goods. Two lines of steamers connect it with Suez, and the Suez-Aden boat.s touch here. In 1S97. 240 steamers and 586 sail- ing vessels entered the port. More than 50,000 pilgrims pass through the city yearly. During the Wahhabite wars .Jiddah was taken by the Egyptians. Since 1840 it has belonged to Turkey. On .fun? 15. 1S58. Christian missionaries were murdered in the city, and a month later it was besieged for three days by an English man-of-war. The population is estimated at 30,000, and is ex- ceedingly heterogeneous. JIG, or GIGTJE, zheg (OF.. Fr. gique, jig, OSp., Olt. giga. fiddle, from JIHG. gige, Ger. Oeige, Icel. f/igja. fiddle). The name of a short piece of music much in vogue in olden times, of a joyful and lively character, and in | or | ; also in compound "time ( f, f, etc.) ; used formerly as a dance tune. It consists of two parts of eight bars each, and the shortest notes are quavers. When it became a regular part of the suite (q.v. ) its dimensions were extended. It was ciLstomary to close all suites or partitas with a gigiie. The dance is rapid and irregular, and although originally a formof country dance, has been modified by its introduction into various countries until scarcely anything of its early character remains. JIGGER (corruption of chigoe, the native name), or Reobug. See Chigoe (2). JIGS. jMechanical devices for the separation of ore according to the gi'avity of the particles. The essential features of the apparatus are a box with a perforated bottom, and fitted with a hori- zontal sieve upon which the ore or other material is placed. When water is allowed to enter in a pulsating stream through the perforations of the box. the ore is suspended temporarily, hut begins to fall when the current subsides. As the particles tend to overcome the lifting action of the water in the order of their specific gravity,