Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/250

* JEWSBURY. 224 JIB. thusiast, a Nonchalant, and a Realist (1830). She iii.arried the Kev. William K. Fletcher (183i), chaplain to the East India Company, and died of cholera in a little more than a year aftii- slie had ^'<>iie with him to India. JEWS-HARP (Jew + harp, in allusion to the use of the liaip, as David's hai-p, anion^ the Jews). A simple nmsical instrument, maile of metal. It is held between the teeth, and the sound is produced by the inhaling and ejecting of the air from the lungs, while at the same time an elastic tongue or spring, which is fixed in the middle of the frame, is set into vibration by being twitched by the linger. It is an old invention, being mentioned by I'riitorius in his Orijanographia (1619) under the name of cremlialum. JEW'S MALLOW. An annual pot-herb. See CORCIIOHU.S. JEW'S THORN. A spiny Old World shrub which bears an edible fruit. See .JuJl'mc. JEYPORE, ji-pOr'. Another spelling for the name of a native State of India, and its capital. See Jaiplr. JEZ'EBEL (Ileb. 'Izebel). The daughter of Ethbaal. King of Tyre, and wife of Ahal), King of Israel. Ahab's marriage with a Tyrian prin- cess (I. Kings xvi. 31) was a political de- vice to insure the alliance with Tyre. With the princess, and no doubt as a symbol of the alliance, the Baal-worship of Tyre, which ])robably was very similar to the Baal cult in L'alestii'iL' that had already become assimilated with the Yahweh-worship, was introduced. To a later age, the act of .hab in marr^'ing a 'Canaanitish' woman appeared as a heinous offense, and accordingly both .Vhab and Jezebel u'.ost unfavorable light. In Ahab's reign a strong movement led by Elijah (q.v.) against the Canaanitish admixtures in the Yahweh-worship set in, and Jezebel appears to have been one of the strongest and bitterest opponents of Elijah. Hence, the later biblical writers cannot find enough to say against her. She is represented as cruel, int«'nt up(m exterminating the prophets of Yahweh, and is made responsible for the mur- der of Naboth (q.v.). She survived her husband for fourteen years, and was nmrdered ( II. Kings ix. 30-37) by .Tehu (q.v.) at the time that he seized the throne of the northern kingdom (c.840 n.c). See .Viiab. JEZI'RAH (Ileb. sefer yefirah), or Book op Creation. One of the chief cabalistic books of the Jews, containing a mystical account of the creation of the universe. See Cabi!.la. JEZREEL, jez're-el (Heb. yhre'ej, God sows). A town of ancient Palestine in the tt-rritory of Issachar (.losh. xix. 18). Near by was fought the battle in which Saul fell (I. Sam. xxix. 1 sqq.). The town contained a palace, which ivas the residence of Ahab and .lezcbel (I. Kings xviii. 45-46; II. Kings ix. 30). After their time it was deserted. In the time of Ensebius and •Jerome it was known imder the names Esdraela and Stradela. and in the history of the Crusades we meet with it as PaiTum Gerinum. The modern Arabic name of the place is Zerin ; it contains only slight ruins, of little interest. JHANSI, jan'se. border city of the native State of Gwalior, Northwest Iiidia, 60 miles northeast of Gwalior city (Map: India, C 3). 11 is surrounded by a wall from 18 to 30 feet high, (! to 12 feet thick, and iY-< miUs in ( ircuit. 'i'he town is iniportiint as the central junction of four lines of the Indian Midland railway system, and has im])ortant manufactur- ing and commercial interests. Population, in 18111, 53,79!»; in 1001, 55,'i8S. The formid.able fort on an elevated rock, commanding the city i.nd surrounding countrv', behings to the British (iovernmcnt. — Iiiansi Naoauad, with the civil station and military cantonment (poi)ulation, British District of Jliansi in the Allahabad di- ision. Northwest Provinces. The European gar- rison was massacred during the mutiny of 1857, and Jhansi was only recovered the following year after a siege of twelve days, and a considerable loss of life. JHELAM, je'liim, or JHELXJM. The an- cient llydaspes, the wcsti-rnmost of the five rivers of the Punjab, India. Its source is at Vemag in Kashmir, 12 miles east of Shahabad, where it issues from an octjigonal tank in a garden, fed by springs from the Bunihal Pass in the Western llimalayas (JIaj): India, B 2). Its course is northwest past Islamal)ad and Srinagar to the Wulur Lake, whence it flows southwest through the Barambula Pass and again northwest to Mazufurubad. Here it bends di- it-ctly southward and forms the boundary of Kashmir and the Punjab to Jhelam, where it assumes a southwestern trend, and continuing past Jalaljjur, Pind Dadan Klian, Bhera. Shah- ])ur, and Shaliiwal, joins the Chenab below Kadir- jmr after a course of 400 miles. It is navigable by river craft for the greatt-r [jart of its course, and aljounds in fish. On its banks Alexander the Great built a war fleet and fought .a battle with Poms. JHERING, ya'ring, Rudolf von (1818-92). -V German jurist, bom in .urich and educated at Heidelberg, Munich, Gottingen, and Berlin. Trained in the historical school, he forsook it only to the ext^-nt of aiming to show the ))sychologieal development of law by examples drawn from the national character of the Komans. To this common-sense mediation between the two opposed legal schools he owes his rank as one of the foremost jurists of the latter half of his century. Besides his great work, which was uncompleted, Geist des romischen Rechls nttf den verschiedenen Htufen seiner I'Jnticicklung (1852- 65), he wrote: Civilrechtsfiille ohne Entschei- dunflen (9th ed. 1901): Die Jtirisprudenz des iiiqliehen LebrnS (11th ed. 1897); Dtr Kampf V7ns Rrcht (14th ed. 1900) ; Drr Ziierk ini Recht (3d ed. 1893); Seherz vnd Ernst in der Jiiri'i- prudcnz (8tn ed. 1900) ; and the posthumous EntwickUinpspeschichte des rfimischen Rechtsand Vorffsehiehte dcr fndoeuropiier (1894). .Thering became instructor at Berlin (1843). and profess- or at Basel (1845). Rostock (1840), Kiel (1849), Giessen (1852). Vienna (1808), and Gottingen (1872). Consult Merkel, R. ron Jhcring (Jena, 1893). JIB (from Dan. fjihhc, Swed. f/ippn, Dutch ijijpen, to tuni suddenly, jibe). A triangular sail which sets on the jibstai/, a rope extcTiding from the jib-boom or extremity of (he bowsprit to the foretopmast-head. Nearly all sailing vessels larger than a catboat have jibs, the exceptions
 * . re represented in Kings and Chronicles in the
 * !(I0), adjoins the city, and is the capital of the