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* JEWELRY. 203 JEWISH ART. ing goods valued at over .$34,000,000. The great centres of jewelry iiianHfacture are New York, which in 18"J0 had 163 establishments, and pro- duced goods valued at $5,046,73-1:; Providence, with 170 establishments, and products valued at $7,801,003; Philadelphia, 39 establishments, .¥3,139,596; Boston, .$661,300: Cincinnati, $1,317,- 000; San Francisco, 40 establishments, $1,512,- 571; Newark, X. .J., 70 establishments. $4,- 631,500. According to the census of 1900, there were in the United States in that year 908 es- tablishments for the manufacture of jewelrj'. These reported a combined capital of .$28,120,939; they employed 20.676 wage-earners, of whom only 400 were children under 10 years of age. The total annual value of the jewelry produced was $46,501,181. Bibliography. Castellani. Ancient Jewelry and Its Revii-al (Philadelphia, 1876): Wallis, "Jewelrj'," in British Manuf/icturiny Industries, vol. X. (London. 1876) : Luthmer. Ornamental Jeuelry of the Uenaissatice in Relation to Costume (London. 1882); Chaffers, Gilda Aurifahorum : History of English (loldsmiths (London, 1883) ; Fontenay. Les bijoux aneien» et modernes ( Paris, 1887) : Decle. Histoire de la bijouterie franfaise (Paris, 1889) : Davenport. "The History of Per- sonal .Jewelry from Prehistoric Times," in the Journal of the tSocieti/ of Arts, vol. 1. (London, 1902). Technical handbooks are: Gee, The Goldsmith's Hnndhool: (London. 1881): id., nail-Marking of Jeuelry (ib.. 1882) ; Wigley, The Art of the Goldsmith and Jeweller (ib.. 1898) ; Wilson, .S'i7i er-Worl- and Jewelry (New- York, 1903). Consult, also, the authorities re- ferred to under Costume: Gem.s. Imitation' Axn Artificial. JEW'ETT, Cii.RLES Coffin- (1816-68). An American librarian. He was horn in Lebanon, Maine; graduated at Brown L'niversity in 1835, and in 1840 at Andover Theological Seminar^', where while a student he acted as librarian. He became lil)rarian at Brown University in 1841, and from 1843 to 1848 was professor of modern languages there. He then became librarian of the Smithsonian Institution, and from 1855 to 1868 was superintendent of the Boston Public Library. He was the first of the modem school of American librarians, and his Notices of Pub- lie Libraries in the United States of America (1851) and his Smithsonian Report of the Con- struction of Catalogues of Libraries (1853) were of much value, and marked a great advance over earlier writings in this field in America. At Boston he prepared the card catalogue of the public library', one of the first instances of the use nf the card catalogue in public libraries. Mr. .Tewett was president of the first American Con- vention of librarians — that of 1853. held in New York. JEWETT, MiLO Parker (1808-82). An American educator, born in Saint .Johnsbury, Vt. He graduated at Dartmouth College in 1828 and at the Andover Theological Seminary- in 1833, became professor of rhetoric and political econ- omy two years later in Marietta College. Ohio, resigned in 1S38 after adopting Baptist tenets, and in 1839 founded the .Tudson Female Insti- tute in Marion. Ala., which he conducted until 1855. He then established a seminary for young ladies at Poughkeepsie. N. Y.. where he aided Matthew Vassar in planning Vassar College, of Vol. XI. —h. which he became the first president in 1862. He lesigned his odice in 1864, and in 1867 removed to Milwaukee, Wis. His publications include: Baptism (1840) ; Relations of Boards of Health and Intemperance (1874) ; The Model Academy (1875). JEWETT, Sarah Orxe (1849—). A writer of stories of New England life, born in South Bei-wick. Maine, September 3, 1849. Miss Jewett, born of New England stock, made her first serious entry into literature in 1869, by pub- lishing a .storj- in the Atlantic Monthly. Her books published since then include: Deephaven (1877); Play Days (1878); Old Friends a>id yew (1879); Country Bl/-^^ays (18S1); The .Mate of the Daylight (1883) ; A Country Doc- tor (1384): A Marsh Island (1885): .1 White Heron, and Other Stories (1886); The Story of the yormans (1887) ; The King of Folly Isl- and, and Other People (1888). -ivhieh contains some of her best work; Betty Leicester (1890) ; Tales of Sew England (1890); Strangers and Wayfarers (1890) ; A Xative of Winby (1893) ; The Life of Nancy (1895); The Country of the Pointed Firs (1896). A Country Doctor is a novel, and Deephaven is a collection of sketches, but most of Miss Jewett's work con- sists of short stories which are noted for their simple, sympathetic, and intimate portrayal of New England character in its finer and gentler moods. Her work is distinguished for its natu- ralness and is a valuable contribution to the fic- tinn dealing with American life. JEWFISH. Any of several groupers of trop- ical American waters, and the largest of the sea- bass family SenanidiP. (11 A giiasa { Promicrops guttatus), common on both coasts of ilexico. and about Florida and the West Indies, and known in the vicinity of Pensacola as Warsaw (a corruption of gua.sa. q.v. ). It is a robust species, with a big, flat head and a huge mouth with formidable teeth. It has a voracious appetite. The color of the young is pale olive-green, with five crossbars of darker green; but as the fish grows older the general hue becomes dark olive-green. It haunts rocky places. Ordinary specimens do not often exceed 20 pounds in weight ; but one was brought to New Y'ork in 1874 which weighed 300 pounds. (2) The black jewfish of Florida, also called 'warsaw' and 'mero de alto' by fishermen, is a related species (Oarrupa nigrita), which ranges from South Carolina to Brazil, but is not present on the Pacific side of Central .merica. Few have been examined which weighed less than 100 pounds, and specimens exceeding 500 pounds are recorded. Its color is chocolate brown, varying to blackish-gray, without markings, and littl? paler on the ventral parts, and the fish is a fa- vorite object of sport with rod and line. Consult Holder, Big Game Fishes (New York. 1903). (3) On the coast of southern California, an immense fish of the same family and habits {Stcreolepis gigas), brownish with large green- ish-black blotches, and the ventral fins black. It is five to seven feet long, reaches a weight of 500 pounds, and frequents the neighborhood of rock' islands. The flesh of the smaller speci- mens, often called 'black sea-bass,' commands a high price. JEWISH ART. A term properly applied to art as practiced by the .Jews in Palestine, before