Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/225

* JETTISON. 199 JETTY. the sacrifice does not fall upon the master, nor upon the owners of the vessel, but primarily upon the owner of the cargo. But as he is sacrificed for the general good, he is entitled bj' the doc- trine of general average to a pro rata contribu- tion from the several persons interested in the ship, freight, and cargo, though there are excep- tions to this rule, where the goods were carried on deck. When the goods sacrificed by jettison have been insured, the insurer has the benefit of this contribution or average pro tanto. See Average, in Maritime Law. tidal waters across a bar at the mouth of a harbor, maintains a channel whose cross-sectional area is proportioned to the volume of water passing through it. Hence, if the natural chan- nel is narrowed by jetties, or, in other words, if its width is diminished, the flowing waters will secure the necessary cross-sectional area by in- eieasing the depth until the area lost by the decreased width is regained by the increased depth and equilibrium is again restored. Jetties have been constructed at the mouths of many rivers, as the Danube, Tampico, Mississippi, and Tta. 1. MAP SHOWINQ LOCiTlOS OF JETTIES FOB SOUTHWEST PASS OP MISSISSIPPI RIVEE. JETTY (OF. jetee, getee. Ft. jelee. p.p. of OF. jetter, jeter, Fr. jeter. to throw, from Lat. jactare, frequentative of jacere, to throw ). An embankment or pier extending into the sea and built of earth, stone, fascines, timber, or other suitable material. .Jetties are applied to rivers and tidal liarbors to increase the depth over bars by narrowing the channel and thus concentrating the current. The current of a river flowing through an alluvial bed, or the ebb and flow of Columbia, and at the entrances of many harbors, as Dunkirk and Calais in France. Charleston, S. C, and Galveston. Tex. There are also notable examples of jetty construction at Yaquina Bay, Wilmington Harbor, Humboldt Bay, Coos Bay. and the Coquille River, all on the Pacific coast of the United .States. Mi.ssissippi Jetties. It is well known that the Mississippi River makes its way to the Gulf of Mexico through three great branches or passes.