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* JENKINS. 171 JENKS. ^'ar: Janus, or the Double-Faced Ministry (1877); Jobson's Enemies (3 vols., 1879-82); Lisa Lena (2 vols., 1880) ; A Paladin of Finance (1882) ; A Week of Passion, or the Dilemma of Mr. George Barton the Yotinr/er (3 vols., 1884) ; and A Secret of Ttio Lives (1886). JENKINS, Thorxtox Alexaxdeb (1811- 93). All. ierican naval ofTicer. He was born in Virginia, and entered the United States Navy in 1K28 as a midshipman. He spent the greater part of his life in the service, and rose to be rear- admiral in 1870. retiring from active duties in 1873. He served with the Mediterranean. Afri- can, and Xorth and South Atlantic squadrons until 184.5. when he was deputed to investigate the lightliouse systems of Europe. Out of this investigation grew the law of 1852. framed by Jenkins, under which the Lighthouse Board has been ever since administered. After serving on the coast of South America and in Central America, and in ilexico during the war with that country. .Tenkins was promoted to a captaincy in 1862. and did good service during the Civil War. He had an important post at the battle of Jlobile Bay, and was highly commended in the report of Admiral Farragut. In 186.5 he was chief of the Bureau of Navigation; 1869-71, naval secre- tary of the Lighthouse Board: 1871-73. in com- mand of the East India Squadron. In 1876 Jenkins had charge of the exhibit of the United States Xavy Department in the Centennial Ex- hibition at Pliiladelphia. JEN'KINSON. Cii.ELE.s and Robert, first and second Earls of Liverpool. See Liverpool. JENKINS'S EAR, War of. The popular name of the war between Spain and Great Britain in 1739, caused by the complaint of Robert Jenkins, an English ship-captain, that he had lost an ear and had undergone other tortures at the hands of the Spaniards. This outlireak was swallowed up in the war of the Austrian Succession. JENKS, Edv.rd (1861 — ). An English pro- fessor of law, bom at Clapham, Surrey. He was educated at Cambridge L'niversity, and was lecturer there in 1888-89. Afterwards he went to Australia, where he was dean of the Law Faculty in ilelbourne L'niversity for two years, returning to be professor in the Liverpool College, whence he removed to Oxford as reader in English law, and political science lecturer at Balliol. His works include a History of the Avstrnlnsinn Colonies (1896); Law and Politics in the Middle Ai/es (1897) ; and A Short History of Politics (1900). JENKS, .Teremi.ii Whipple (1856 — ), An American political economist and educator, born at Saint Clair, Mich. He graduated at the L^ni- versity of ilichigan in 1878: studied for several years in Germany, taking his doctorate at the University of Halle in 1885. and after his re- turn studied law and was admitted to the bar. He taught Greek. Latin, and German at ilount Morris College for a time: was professor of po- litical science and English literature at Knox College from 1886 to 1889; held the chair of political economy and social science at Indiana University in 1889-91: and in 1891 became pro- fessor of political economy and politics at Cor- nell University. In 18991901 he was the expert agent of the United States Industrial Commis- VoL. XI.— 12. sion on Investigation of Trusts and Industrial Combinations in the United States and Europe, making a trip to Europe for the purpose of study- ing the industrial combinations there; was for a time consulting expert of the United States Department of Labor on the subject of trusts and industrial combinations; visited Egj'pt, India. Burma, the Straits Settlements, .Java, and the Philippines in 1902 as a special commis- sioner of the War Department, investigating ques- tions of currency and internal taxation, labor, and police: and in 1903, at the request of the ^Mexican Government, went to ilexico to advise with the Mexican Minister of Finance concern- ing an important change proposed in the currency system of that country. Besides numerous maga- zine articles, his publications include: Henry C, Carey als yationaliikonom (1885): The Trust Problem (1900, 3d ed. 1902) ; vols. i.. ii., xviii. of the Reports of the Industrial Commission : Trusts and Industrial Combinations (1900), published by the United States Department of Labor; and Report on Certain Economic Ques- tions in the English and Dutch Colonies in the Orient (1902), published by the Bureau of In- sular Affairs of the War Department. JENKS, Joseph (?-1683). An American cohmial inventor, born of Welsh parentage in Hammersmith. London. England. He learned the trade of a founder and machinist, and emigrated to Massachusetts Bay about 1645. In the same year he settled at Lynn, Mass., where a little later he became superintendent of an iron-foun- dry — the first to be established in America. Jenks himself was the first founder in iron ancl brass of whom there is any record in the Colonies. He had considerable ability as an inventor, and to him, on May 6, 1646, the General Court of Massachusetts granted a patent for "an engine for mills to go by water,' the first recorded American patent. Later Jenks was granted patents for scythes, saws, and other edged tools. In 1652 he made the dies for the new colonial coinage, among the coins struck from his dies being the famous 'pine-tree' shilling. In 1654 he contracted with the selectmen of Boston to con- struct 'an engine to carry water in ease of fires.' Consult: Lewis and Xe'whall, History of Lynn. (Boston, 1865). JENKS, Ti-DOR (1S57— ). An American writer. He was born in BrooklTO, N. Y., gradu- ated at Yale in 1878, and from Columbia Law School in 1880, and. after seven years' practice at the New York bar. became one of the editors of Saint Xicholas Magazine (1887). He wrote many juveniles — some humorous and some in- structive — as well as humorous verse, such as: Century World's Fair Book (1893) ; Imagina- tions (1894); The Boys' Book of Exploration (1900) : and Galopoff, the Talking Pony (1901). JENKS, William (1778-1866). A Congrega- tional clergj-man. He was born at Xewton, Mass.; graduated at Harvard in 1797, and served as pastor at Bath, Jle.. 1805-17. He was also a chaplain in the War of 1812. and pro- fessor of Oriental languages at Bowdoin College. In 1S26 he went to Boston, and there played a prominent part as pastor, philanthropist (espe- cially as the friend of sailors), and scholar. He was one of the founders of the American Oriental Society and of the American Antiquarian Society of Worcester, ilass. He published The Compre-