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* JEFFERSON. 165 JEFFREY. is probable that he was not far from what was then kno«Ti and execrated as a 'free thinker' : as an idealist he did not underestimate the sub- limity of Christ's character, but he had no belief in the orthodox theological ideas as to redemp- tion. His views on slavery were far beyond those of his time, but all of his efforts to effect a reform in Virginia were unavailing. The influ- ence that he has had through the Democratic Party has been but the most open expression of tile deep influence he has had in the democratiz- ing of all American ideas. The unfailing trust which the people of his day put in him was due largely to the deep and steady confidence he had in them. Consult: TT'orts, Congressional Edition (Wash- ington, 1S53-55) ; also the latest and best by P. L. Ford (10 vols., Xew York, 1892-99); Memoir and Correspondence, bv T. J. Randolph, his grandson (4 vols., Charlottesville, Va., 1829). For his biography consult: Parton (Boston, 1874) ; Horse, in ""American Statesmen Series" (Boston. 1883) ; Schouler. in '"Makers of Ameri- ca" (New I'ork, 1893) ; Randall (3 vols.. New York, 1888) : Adams, History of the United States (9 vols., New York, 1889-91 ) . For an ap- preciation of his genius consult Trent. Southern Statesmen of the Old Regime (Xew York, 1897). JEFFERSON BARRACKS. A United States military po>t in ilissouri, established in 1827. The reservation, which comprises 1261 acres, is located on the Mississippi, 10 miles below Saint Louis. There is a post-office and telegraph station at the post, while quarters for 31 officers and 650 men. with cavalry stables for 600 horses, are pro- vided. It is one of the oldest military posts in the United States, and when it was established Saint Louis was merely a trading village. For many years it was the fitting-out rendez^-ous for important expeditions, and until 1861 hardly a regiment, particularly in the cavalry, could be foimd which had not at one time been repre- sented in the garrison or made its headquarters at .Jefferson Barracks. The Saint Louis powder depot and National Cemetery are included in the resen'atinn. JEFFERSON CITY. The capital of Mis- souri and comity-seat of Cole County, near the geographical centre of the State and 125 miles west of Saint Louis: on the south bank of the ilissouri River: on the Missouri Pacific, and reached by the Chicago and Alton and the Mis- souri, Kansas and Texas railroads (Map: Mis- souri, D 3). Its elevation is over 600 feet. Among the more notable structures are the Capi- tol. State penitentiary. State armory, Governor's mansion. Supreme Court building. United States court-hotise and post-office, the court-house. Car- negie Public Library, and Lincoln Institute, a normal school for the hicrher education of negroes. The city has also the State and Supreme Court libraries. A fine steel bridge crosses the Mis- souri River at this point. Jefferson City has valuable natural advantages as the centre of a fertile agricultural and rich mineral region. It mantifactures agricultural implements, boots and shoes, saddletrees, clothing, flour, beer, brooms, foundry products, bricks, etc. There are also railroad shops and roundhouses of the ^Missouri Pacific. Settled in 1826. .Jefferson City was in- corporated first in 1839. Under a general legis- lative act, approved 1893. governing cities of the third class, the government is administered by a mayor, elected biennially, who has important appointive powers, and a unicameral council. Population, in 1890, 6742; in 1900, 9664. JEFFERSON RIVER. One of the three riv- ers whitli unite to form the ilissouri River (Map: Montana, C 3). It is formed by the junc- tion of the Beaver Head and Big Hole rivers, near the central part of Montana, and. after a course of 150 miles, unites with the iladison and Gallatin. JEF'FERSONVILLE. A city and the coun- ty .seat of Clark County, Ind., on the Ohio River, opposite Louisville, Ky., with which it is con- nected by two railroad bridges, and on the Penn- sylvania' the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern, the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, and other railroads (Map: Indiana, D 4). It is situated at the head of the Ohio Falls, "n-hich afford good water-power; has a United States quartermaster's supply depot, the Indiana Re- formatory, the public infirmary, and township and State prison libraries. There are extensive manufactures of river steamboats and freight and passenger cars, and numerous other indus- tries of less importance. The government is ad- ministered, as provided under the Indiana laws, by a mayor, elected biennially, and a council, which elects subordinate officials, excepting police commissioners, who are appointed by the Gov- ernor of the State. Population, in 1890, 10,666; in 1900, 10,774, JEFFREY, jef'ri, Fb. cis, Lord (1773-1850). A Scottish critic and lawyer, born in Edinburgh, October 23, 1773. He was educated at the Edin- burgh High School, attended for a short time the University of Glasgow and Queen's College, Ox- ford, and studied law in Edinburgh, During this early period he read widely, and practiced both verse and prose writing. In 1794 he was called to the bar. Two years before this he became a member of the Speculative Society ( in connection with the University of Edinburgh). .Jeffrey soon became prominent among the members by the keenness and liveliness of his intellect, and the eloquence of his style: but his progiess at the bar was slow, partly on account of the antipathy which then existed to literary lawyers, and partly on account of his political opinions, which were Whig. Meanwhile he and several other young men then in Edinburgh, ambitious of finding a wider outlet for their talent than the discussion in the Speculative Society or the practice of the bar afforded, planned a critical journal. Tlie first proposer of the scheme was Sydney Smith. Tlie result was the establishment of the F.din- burf/h Review (q.v.), of which Jeffrey soon be- came editor, an office he retained till 1829. In politics the Review was Whig, .Jeffrey, however, confined himself mostly to literary reviews, in which he criticised with great severity the new school of poetry, represented by Coleridge, Words- worth. Byron, and Shelley. This criticism is now generally discredited; it was, nevertheless, shrewd and brilliant. After some years Jeffrey's practice at the bar began to increase : in jury trials he shone to great advantage, particularly in the trials for sedition between 1817 and 1820. In 1830 he became Lord Advocate for Scotland; and after the passing of the Reform bill he was returned to Parliament for the city of Edin- burgh, which he continued to represent till 1834,