Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 11.djvu/132

* JANKO KEYBOARD. 116 JANS. and attached to a key-lever, so that each key may be struck in tliree dillerent rows. Six paral- lel rows of wliolc-loiie inlervals are thus pro- duced. The keboard slants, the keys are round- ed on both sides, and the sharps and Hats are distinguished by black bauds. A freer use of the fingers is claimed lliau with the accepted key- board. By reason of the many rows, the hand can maintain its natural position with the lung fuigcrs on the upper notes and the shorter ones on Die lower. All scales and chords have uni- form fingering, the relative position being the same in all keys, and the only necessary change is to raise or lower the entire hand. The octave is brought within the stretch of the si.th on the ordinary keyboard, and half tones may be playeil legato with one linger. The new keyboard can be adapted to any |)ianofortc. grand, upriglit. or square, withiiut harm to the instrument. Chro- matic scales in thirds. sixths, and octaves can be executed with as nuich facility as the ordi- nary scale on the ordinary pianoforte, because one performer can produce ellccls that now are obtainable only in four-hand playing. JAN MAYEN (yiin mi'cn) ISLAND. A volcanic i>hin(l in the Arctic Ocean, situated be- tween latitudes 70° 411' and 71° !)' N. and between longitudes 7° 53' and 0° 5' V., about 220 miles north-northeast of Iceland (Map: Arctic Re- gions, J 5). It is oblong in shape, and has an area of aliout 100 square miles. The surface is generally mountainous, and reaches in the extinct volcano. Beerenberg, in the north, an altitude of 0000 feet or more. There are some active volcanoes on the island, and a number of glaciers. Tlic mean aiuiual temperature is some- what less than 28° 1*'. The island has no per- manent population, but is occasionally visited by scalers from Scotland and Norway. In 1882-83 Jan Mayen Island was the seat of an Austrian meteorological station. Probably sighted by Hud- son in 1007, the island was rediscovered in Iflll by Jan Mayen, after whom it is named. JANMOT, zhaN'mcV, Anne Fr.vncois Louis (18I5-n2). A French painter. He was born in Lyons, and studied there, and in Paris under Ingres. After making his debut at the Salon with a religious painting (1840), he began at Lyons the production of a large fresco called "La C6ne" I1S4.5I. and afterwards painted others that may be seen in Bonleaux. Saint- Germain-en-Laye, Toulon, and elsewhere. But his most ambitious A'ork is "Le poiMnc de ITime." a series of mystical compositions, upon which he worked for ten years, writing also an ex- planatory poem. M. Janmot is best known as a painter of religious subjects, but he also wrote an interesting book. Opinion d'un artiste sur Vart (1SS7K JANNES, jan'ez. .>n) JAMBRES, iamlirez. or, according to some authorities. Mamiires. According to an apocryphal legend, the names of two Egj'ptian magicians who were selected as most capable of resisting Moses (cf. Ex. vii. 11. etc.; II. Tim. iii. 8). The origin of the legend is uncertain. The names are Hebrew', and their frequent mention in .Jewish literature (Tarrjum of .Jonathan. Tnhnud. etc.) evidences the wide currency of the story in .Jewish circles. It was also known to pagan writers, possibly as early as Plinv. According to Origen and the Decretum (iclasii, there was an apocryphal book of Jannes and Jaudircs. (Jrigen supposed that Paul de- pended on this for the statement in 11. Timothy, though the Apostle may have alluded only to a well-known story for the sake of illustration, without being acquainted with the book. JANNET, zha'na', Claioio (1844-1)4). A French jiublicist, born in Paris. He studied for the bar, and afterwards became professor of political economy at the Catholic liniversity of Paris. His works include: l)e I'itat pn-sent et de I'avenir dcs assucialions eoupCratiies (1807) ; L'Internalionale et la yuvstion sociale (1871); Les institutions sociulcs el le droit civile a Nparte (1874); Les Etats-Unis contemporains (1875; 4th ed. 1888), an important work; Les soeivl('s secretes (1870); Les preeurseiirs de la franc- ntaconncrie (1887); V/C socialisme d'etat et la reforme sociiile (1889); and Le capital, la spd- cuhition et la finance au XlXinie siccle (1892). In theory .Tannet was a discijile of Le Play. JAN'NEY, Sami-ei, Maci'IIEkson (1801-80). . Aiiurican uakcr preacher and historical biographer, born in Loudoun County. Va. He was a mendjcr of the Ilicksite Society of Friends, a superintendent of Indian all'airs (1809), and the author of a poem The Country Hchoolhouse (1825), as well as Concersations on Religious Subjects (1835) : Uistorical Sketch of the Chris- tian Church (1847) : Life of I'enn (18.52) ; Life of Fox (1855); and llistort/ of the h'rlipious Soeietii of Friends from Its Rise to 1828 (18G7). JANOW, ja'nAv, Matthias VON (?-1394). A precursor of Huss. Of his early history little is known. He was educated at the University of Prague, and spent six years at the University of Paris. Visiting Rome, he was appointed in 1381 canon and confessor in the Cathedral of Prague, and continued to perform the duties of the office until his death. In his book, Regula Veteris et Sovi Testamcnti. he alleges the cor- ruption of the Church in all its parts, and ex- plains the causes of it. He died in 1394, and sixteen years later his works were burned with those of Wiclif. JANS, yiins, Anneke or Annetje ( ?-1003). An early Dutch colonist of New Netberland. fa- mous because of lawsuits concerning her farm between her heirs and the corporation of Trinity Churcli. New York City. Slie emigrated from Holland to New Netherland with her husband, Roeloff .Jansen, in 1030. In 1030 the hitter ob- tained a grant of 02 acres of land on Manhattan Island, extending from the present Warren Street to the neighborhood of Pesbrosses Street, and lying between Broadway and the Htidson River. Soon afterwards .Jansen died, and she married the Dutch dominie Evcrardus Bogardus (q.v.). In 1054. after her husband's death, she secured a patent to the farm in her own name, and later removed to .Mbany. where she died. leaving her property to be divided among ber eight svirviving children. After the English had taken posses- sion, in 1004." all property-holders were required to secure new titles for tlicir lands. Accordingly, the heirs secured a new patent for the farm from Oovernor Nicolls. on March 27. 1007. Four years later. March 9. 1071. the property was sold to Governor Lovelace, all of the heirs signing the deed of transfer except the wife and child of Cor- nelius Bogardus. a son of Anneke and her second