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* JANES. 114 JANIN. took a prominent part in the reconstruction of his Cliurcli al'liT llie Civil War. He died in New Vuik City. JANE SHORE. (1) A tragedy by Cliettle and Day (1003), I'oundcd on the story of the beautiful and unfortunate mistress of Kdwaid IV. (2) A tragedy by Xioholas Kowe (1714), which was popular for a long time and furnished one <•! Mrs. Sidchms's leading rules. JANES'VILLE. A city and the counly-seat of KiK-k t'ouiity. Wis.. 71 miles west by south of Slilwaukee, on the Kock l!iver. and on the Chicago and Northwestern and the Chicago. Mil- waukee and Saint I'aul railroads (Jlap: Wiscon- sin, D (i). It is built partly on level and jiartly on elevated ground, and is the seat of the State School for the Blind. The public library, court- house, city hall, high sehoid. and Y. M. C. A. buildings are all worthy of mention. The city is the centre of a fertile agricultural region, has a considerable trade in tobacco, grown in the vicinity, and manufactures cdtton and woolen goods, luiiits and shoes, fountain pens, agricul- tural implements, furniture, and carriages. Set- tled about 1S37, Janesville was incorporated in 1853. the charter of that year, as subsequently amended, providing for a goverimient vested in a mayor, elected biennially, and a unicameral council, with subordinate administrative ollieials as follows: Directors of the public librani', ap- pointed by the mayor and confirmed by the coun- cil ; street commissioners, city engineer, and assessors. eUt'ted by the council ; board of edu- cation, city clerk, treasurer, attorney, justices of the peace, and sealer of weights and measures, chosen by popular election: and fire and police departments, a]ii)ointed under civil-service rules. Population, in ISOO, 10.830; in 1900, 13.185. JANET, zha'nA', Paul (1823-09). A French philosophical writer, born in Paris, and educated at the Ecole Normale. He was lecturer on phi- losophy at Hourges ( 1845-48) . was then professor at the I'niversity of Strassburg until 1S57, at the Lyci'e Louis le Grand in Paris, and in 1864- 97 at the Sorbonnc. succee<liiig Caro. He was elected a member of the Institute in 1804. Fn general he advocated the princi])ies of Cousin. His peculiarity was a conciliatory method, seeing in various philosophic systems not op])Ositions, but mere developments of truth: but his eclec- ticism is very strongly affected by his spiritual- istic bias. His numerous works include his His- toire dc la science poUtlriiic dans scs rapports avec la morale (1850 and 1872): La famillc: hcQOns dc philosophic morale (1855), crowned by the Academy; I'hihisophie du bonheur (1802, 1873) ; Lc iiiatcrialisme coiilcmporain en Alle- mafine (1864) : Les problcmes du XlXimc siMe (1872, 1873); .S'nin/-.S'imon (1872): Les causes finales (French. 1874: Eng.. 1883); Philosophic de la Revolution franaaise (1873): Les mnitres de la pensfc modcrnc (1883); Les orirjines du sociaUsmc conteniporain (1883); Victor Cousin et son (Tuvre (1885) ; Jai philosophic dc Lamen- nais (1890) ; Fi-nclon (1892) ; and Principes de ■mftdphusiijuc ct dc psycholof/ic (1890). JANE'WAY, EnwARn flAMALiKr. (1841 — 1. .An American physician, born near New Bruns- wick. N. .T. He was graduated from Putgers College in 1800, and received his degree of Doctor of Medicine from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (medical department of Colund)ia College), in 1804, having served as acting medical cadet in the United States Army Hospital at Newark, N. J., from 1802 to 1803. Dr. Janeway served on the resident staff of Char- ity Hospital, lilackwcll's Island, New York City, during 18(!4. and of Itcllevuc Hosiiital, New York City, from 1804 to 1806. He then established himself in private practice in New York City and soon became a consultant of eminen<'e, es|ieeially in the diseases of the organs of the chest and abdomen. For .several years, beginning in 1807, he was curator and pathologist to Bellevue Hos- pital. Janeway's career as a teacher of medicine began in 1872. when he was elected instructor in pathological anatomy in the medical department of New York I'niversity. In Bellevue Hospital Medical College he was professor of materia medica and therapeutics from 1873 to 1870; pro- fessor of ]);ith(d(jgical anatomy from 1876 to 1881; associate professor of the princi]iles and practice of medicine from 1881 to 1884, and full professor from 1884 to 1891. Si.x years later he resumed his connection with the college upon the adoption of the scheme to consolidate it with the me<lical department of New York I'niversity. and became professor of clinical medicine and presi- dent of the faculty. In 1898 he became ilean of the combined schools and professor of medicine in the UniversityBellevue Medical College. He rendered important professional services as visit- ing or consulting i)hysieian to a number of hos- pitals in New York City, and was president of the Pathological Society, of the New York Acad- emy of Medicine, and of the Association of .Vmeri- can Physicians. From 1875 to 1881 he was com- missicincr of health of the city of New York. JANIC'XTLUM, or MoNS .Janicilus. A long ridge or liill on the west bank of the Tiber at Rome, rising to a height of about 300 feet above the sea. The name is derived by tradition from Janus, King of the aborigines, who founded a city on the hill op])Osite to the Capitoline. then occupied by Saturn. From its argillaceous for- mation it shares with the Vatican Hill the name of monti dclla crcta. It was anciently called Mons Aureus, from the golden color of its sands, whence the modern name Montorio. The com- manding position of the hill led to its early for- tification by the kings of Rome ; but it was not included in the city until the time of Augustus, who made it the fourteenth quarter, under the name of Jici/io Transtihcrinn. now Trastevere. In early times it was ccmnected with the east bank only by the Sublician Bridge, which was supplemented in B.C. 181 by the .Emilian Bridge, and in A.n. 366 by the Bridge of Valentinian. rep- resented by the modern Ponte Sisto. The hill commands a magnificent panoramic view of Rome. JANIN, zha'nriN', .Tii.KS (1804-74). A French critic, lioni at Saint-Flienne. February 16. 1804. Besides his journalistic cleverness. Janin was skillful as a novelist in knowing what the public would like next. He is. perhaps, the best repre- sentative 'of the individualistic vagaries of ro- manticism, both in his style and thought. His earlier novels are ultra-romantic and trivial; the later ones, such as Ln religiense dc Toulouse (1850) or (iaietis chnmpctrcs (1851), are never natural, but often charming. His best journal- istic papers are collected in a Bistoire de la littiruturc dramatique.