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* JAMES. 109 JAMES. tempted by this bribe two members of his own band, Robert and Charles Ford, killed him in his home at Saint Joseph, ile. The murderers then surrendered to the poiice, and presumably received the reward of their treachery. .James's funeral was attended by vast crowds of people from the surrounding country, and all the events connected with his death were chronicled by the newspapers as if of national importance. His son, in a biography of the noted outlaw, claims that .James was always anxious to sur- render, provided the authorities would guarantee him protection and a fair trial. Two or three months after Jesse's death, Frank .James gave himself up at .Jefferson City, and so ended the history of the 'James boys.' Consult: .Jesse James, Jr., Jesse Jaiiies, ily Father (Independ- ence, ilo., 1899) ; Edwards. Soted GtierriUas, or the Warfare of the Border (1877); and the American Law Review, vol. xvi. JAMES, .John Axgeix (1785-1859). An Eng- lish minister of the Congregationalist Church, born at Blandford Forum. Dorsetshire. From his thirteenth till his seventeenth year he was learning the trade of his father, a linen-draper, but studied for the ministry too, and was called to Carr's Lane Chapel. Birmingham (1805), v.here he preached most acceptably to largely increased congregations for more than fifty years. He published a great number of sennons. pastoral letters, and the like; but his best-known hook; are Christian Charity (1829) and The Anxious Enquirer After Salvation (184.3). Consult Dale, Life and Letters (London, 1861). JAMES, LoCTS (1842—). An American ac- tor, bora in Treniont, 111.. October •". 1842. He made his debut at Louisville in 18G4. He was a member of ilrs. John Drew's company (JSfio- 71) ; then of Daly's (1871-75) ; an-d subsequently appeared in support of various noted actors, including Lawrence Barrett and .Joseph .Jefferson, and as a star, notably with Frederick Warde, in a series of classic revivals. Among his Shake- spearean characters have been Autolycus, Xick Bottom, and Cardinal Wolsey. Consult: Clapp and Edgett. Plat/ers of the Present (Dunlap So- ciety, Xew York, 1900). JAMES, Robert (1705-76). An English phy- sician, born in Kinvaston, Staffordshire. He was educated in Lichfield. Oxford, and the Col- lege of Physicians, London, and practiced suc- cessively in Sheffield. Lichfield, and Birmingham before establishing himself in London, where he made himself famous by the invention of a fever powder composed of lime phosphate and oxide of antimony. He was the friend of Dr. .Johnson, who helped him to publish his Medical Dictionarij (3 vols, 1743-45). -James translated the works of other physicians, and his Vindication of the Fever Powder was published posthumously in 1778. JAMES, Thomas (c.1593-c.1635). An Eng- lish navigator. Little that is definite is known of him previous to a voyage which he made in 1631- 32 to Hudson Bay. The object of the voyage was the discoveiy of the oft sought north^vest pas- sage into the Pacific. He left Bristol on May 0. 1631. in a 70ton ship manned by a crew of twenty-two seamen, and entered Hiidson Bay in the latter part of June or the first part of •July. Sailing over to the western shore, he turned southward, and on August 29th met Luke Fox, another explorer. Five days later he named Cape Henrietta Maria after his vessel, and then sailed into the bay which is named after him, wintered on one of the islands there, and returned to England in the fall of the next year. For two or three years after his return he commanded the Xinth Whelp, a vessel sta- tioned in the narrow seas to prevent piracy, but on his retirement from this duty on March 3, 1635, he sank into obscuritj-. JAMES, Thomas Lemuel (1831—). An American banker and Cabinet officer, born at Utiea, X. Y. He was educated at Utica Academy, learned the printer's trade, and in 1851 bought a weekly WTiig paper, the Madison County Jour- nal, at Hamilton, which, in 1856, changed its name to the Democrat-Republican, and under his control continued for ten years the leading Re- publican organ in Madison County. He was collector of canal tolls at Hamilton in 1854-5D, was appointed an inspector of L'nited States customs at Xew York City in 1861, was promoted weigher in 18G4, and in 1870 was appointed deputy collector in charge of the bonded ware- bouses, which department he thoroughly reor- ganized. In ilarch, 1873, he was appointed by President Cirant postmaster of Xew York, and was reappointed by Presielent Hayes in 1877. With his able administration of the office be- gan a new era in the system of local mail de- livery, and the development of this branch of the service in the United States is a direct out- growth of the reforms instituted by Postmaster .James in Xew York City. On March 4, 1881. he entered Garfield's -Cabinet as Postmaster-General. He remained in the Cabinet only ten months, but in his short administration of the office intro- duced many reforms and economies, and set imder way the investigation of the 'star route' frauds. In 1882 he became president of the Lincoln Xa- tional Bank in Xew York. JAMES, Thomas Potts (1803-82). An American botanist. He was born at Radnor, Pa., but passed the greater part of his life in Philadelphia, where he was in the wholesale drug business. In 1867 he went to live in Cambridge, Mass.. and there devoted himself to botanical research, which had hitherto been his recreation. He wrote several papers for the Proeeedinijs of the Philadelphia Academy of Xatural Sciences, and for the Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences: prepared the article on "Musci" in the volume on botany of King's Exploration of the .'lOth Parallel, and with Leo I>esquereux wrote Manual of American Mosses (1881). JAMES, Villiam (?-1827). An English naval historian. His birthplace and parentage are unknown, and the first record that can be found of him is in 1801. when his name appears among those of the attorneys in the Jamaica Supreme Court. At the outbreak of the War of 1812 he was in America and was held as a pris- oner until 1813, when he succeeded in escaping to Halifax. Soon after gaining his freedom he began writing letters on the war to the Xaval Chronicle, signed 'Boxer.' and in 1816 he wrote a pamphlet entitled An Inquiry Into the Merits of the Principal Xaral Actions Between Great Britain and the United States, in which he manifested the greatest bitterness. His pamphlet met with such success that the next vear he