Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/94

* HILL. 78 HILL. pupils from prominent and wealtliy Greek fami- lies began to attend the school. Dr. Hill was chaplain of the British Legation in Greece from 184.5 to 1875, and continued his teaching during that time. On his death, at Athens, the Greek Gov- ernment, in recognition of his edmational work among the women of Athens, buried him with the honors of a ta.xiarch, and the Athenian muni- cipality erected a monument to his memory. Honorary degrees were conferred on him by Har- vard and Columbia. HILL, OcTAViA (C.183C— ). An English so- cial reformer, born in London. At an early ago she begjin her elforts to improve the homes of the London pcjor. She first began this work under Frederick D. .Maurice, and later, in I8ti4, was as- sociated with .John Kuskin. The latter advanced the money for undertaking the scheme of owning the houses and improving tliem or erecting new ones. She taught multitudes to help themselves, impressing upon them ideas of cleanliness, order, and self-respect. Her publications include: Jlumcs of the London Poor ( 187.5), and Our Com- mon Land (1878). HILL, Robert Thomas (1858—). An Ameri- can geologist, who became connected with the United States Geological Survey in 188G. He was boi-n at Nashville. Tcnn.. and in 1880 gradu- ated at Cornell University. During his e.xplora- tions on the southern borders of the United States and Mexico, and in Central America and the West Indies, he demonstrated the existence of the Lower Cretaceous formations in the United States, and proved that artesian wells might be procured over a vast area of Texas. In addi- tion to his chief work, Cuba and Puerto Riro, xcith Other Islands of the West Indies (1.S98), his publications include many papers on the orig- inal relations of tlie Antilles, contributed to the Proceedings of scientific societies of which he became a member. For two years he was profes- sor of gcologj- at the University of Texas. HILL, Rowland (1744-1833). An English preacher of great popularity. His father was a baronet, and he was born at Hawkstone Park. Shropshire, on the border of Wales, August 23, 1744. He graduated B.A. at Cambridge in 1760, and while there made the acquaintance of White- field, preached in the surrounding villages he- fore taking orders, and conducted religious ser- vices in the houses of the sick and poor. He was appointed in 1773 to the parish of Kingston, Som- ersetshire, where he preached in the open air and attracted great crowds to the services which he held nearly every day of the week. Having, on the death of his father in 1780. inherited con- siderable property, he built for his own use Surrey Chapel, on the Blackfriars Road. London. The chapel was opened .June 8. 17S3. .Although he now occupied a position as a dissenting minis- ter. Hill conducted his services in accordance with the forms of the Church of England, in whose communion he always remained. His chapel soon became filled with a larcor congre- gation than any other in London. In the sum- mer months he made what he called 'gospel tours' into all parts of the country, sometimes extending them to Scotland and Ireland, attracting, wher- ever he went, crowded and interested audieD^es. .fter these tours he used to return to his duties rt the Surrey Chapel, where he 6ontinued to officiate to the end of his life. He published accounts of two journeys through England and Scotland ( 17'.tt) and 1800) ; a very popular hymn- book (1783) ; numerous sermons, but especially Village Dialogues ( ISOl, 34th ed. 1839). He was among the founders of the lU-ligious Tract .Society and the British and Foreign Bible So- ciety, an early and courageous defender of vac- cination, and himself vaccinated thousands of persons. He wrote in favor of the practic*. Coic- pock Inoculation iiuliraled and Uecommcnded from Matters of Fact (London. 1800). He died in London. April 11, 1833. His life has been written several times: by Sidney (4lh ed. Lon- don. 1844) : ."^herman (London, 1857) ; Charles- worth (London, 1879). HILL, RowL.'tSD, Viscount (1772-1842). An English soldier, nei)hew of the preacher of the same name, born at Frees Hill, .Shropshire. He entered the army when he was fifteen, and studied a year at Strassburg. He served under Al>er- crombie in Egvpt (1801). and accompanied Wel- lesley to Portugal in 1808. Throughout the Peninsular War he showed ability second only to his chief's. In 1811 he utterly defeated the French army at Ciiceres, and in 1812 he took the fortress of Almarez. thus separating the two French armies. At Vitoria, in 1813, his forces made the initial attack, and in the same year, on the Xive, he again defeated the French. He had been promoted to lieutenant-general in 1812; two years later he was created Baron Hill of Almarez and Hawkstone, and received an an- fiual grant from Parliament of £2000. During the Hundred Days he was no less active and prominent. After a diplomatic errand to the Prince of Orange, he commanded a divi- sion in the allied army. His horse was shot under him at Waterloo, and he was so stunned that, in the thick of the fight, he was for some time lost and supposed to have been killed. Hill remained with the army of occupation in France as second in command. He was promoted general in 1825, and three years later succeeded Welling- ton as commander-in-chief ; but in 1842 he re- signed, because of failing health, and turned over the command to Wellington. He became viscount in the same year, a few months before his death. HILL, Sir Rowland (1795-1879). The re- former of the English postal system. At twelve he became a teacher in his father's school at Birmingham, and before he reached his majority he had organized a remarkable s.vstem of dis- cipline which came to he known as the Hazelwood method (from the name of the school). This system was described by his elder brother. Mat- thew Davenport Hill, in a pamphlet entitled Puh- lic Education: Plans for the. Government and Liberal Instruction of Boys in Large lumbers (1822). The school became widely popular, and was carried on with success by the family. Row- land finally withdrew, however, partly because he recognized the defects of his scholarship, and partly because he was oppressed by the religious obsen'ances required. He thought of joining Robert Owen in his communistic schemes, but in 1833 became secretary of the commission for colonizing South Australia. From childhood he had a strong bent toward invention. About this time he devised a successful rotarj" printing- press: but it was not then adopted, because the Treasury demanded that each single sheet for a newspaper should be previously stamped, and