Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/910

* ISABELXA I. 804 ISABEY. anc-e with her own wishes iu the Franciscan monastery at Granada. Of lier five children, the two eldest, Isabella, Queen of Purtiif,'al, and John, her only son, died in 14118 and U!)7 re- speclively. Of her three reniaininf,' daughters, Joanna the Mud became the wife of I'hilii) (jf Aus- tria and the mother of Charles '. of (Jermany; Maria married Enunanuel uf I'ortugal ; and Catharine of Aragon was tlie unfortunate first wife of Henry VIII. of Kn^dand, and the mother of .Mary Tudor. Uesidcs the works cited under iSPATN, C..STILK. and Fekdin. d. consult: Pres- cott. History of the Itcign of I'vrdiiuind and Isa- btlla the Catholic. l)1<)-l.',lii (London, 1880), the best general work coiitniniiig full biographical notes; Clcmensin, "Elogio de isabel," in vol. vi. of the Memorias de la Acadcmia de la llialoria, with biography and letters of Queen Isabella (Madrid. 1820) ; Nervo, Isabella la Calhoiique, reinc d'Espaqnc. sa vie, son temps, son riyne, l!,:,l-l.-,0', (I'aris, 1884). ISABELLA II. (lS;?0in04). Queen of Spain from I,s;j;i to lS(iS. She was the daughter of Ferdinand VI I. by his fourth wife, ;Maria Chris- tina of the Two Sicilies, and was born at Ma- drid, October 10. 18.30. Uy a decree which set aside the Salic law in .Spain and which was confirrued l)y the Cortes. Jlarch 29, 18.'i0, the Infanta Isabella became the heiress apparent to the throne, which she ascended on the death of her father in September, 1833, her mother being appointed Queen Regent. An insurrection in favor of her uncle. Don Carlos (q.v. ), Avho ac- cording to the Salic law would have succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother, imme- diately broke out and raged with great violence until 1840. when the cause of the Court tri- umphed. In the course of the period politicians had iH'gun to divide into the two parties of the Modtrados. or Conservatives, and the Exi'ilmion, or Liberals; and the Queen Regent found it necessary to enlarge the liberal Constitution in 1834, and ultimately (I83G) to reestablish the Constitution of 1812. In IS40 Maria Christina, after making Kspartero, the champion of the Court in the war over the succession. Prime Min- ister, was reduced to the necessity of resigning the regency, which was conferred on Espartero. An insurrection broke out in 1S43. which led to the overthrow of the Regent Espar- tero and the establishment of the military dic- tatorship of Narvaez. who introduced an anti- liberal policy. On November 8. 1843, Queen Isabella was declared by the Cortes to have attained her majority. Although the young Queen enjoyed jicrsdnal popularity, political in- trigiies continued, with frci|urnt attempts at insurrection. In 1840 tlie (Jueen married her cousin. Don Francisco d'Assisi, elder son of Ferdinand VII. 's youngest brotlier. A change to almost purely absolute government in 18.53 was followed by the banishment of many chiefs of the Constitutional Party, as a result of which a formidable rising of the army tooi< place in 18.54 under O'DonnelJ (q.v.). Espartero was put at the head of an administration in which liberal principles held sway. But the Queen disap- proved of bis policy and he resigned in fivor of O'DnnnclI, Julv 14. ]S.5fi. who was sonn after supplanted by Narvaez. For a number of years the chief power w^as held alternately by these two ministers. Though liberal ministers were more than once forced upon her, the Queen as time went on fell more completely under the in- llucnce of the reactionary faction. She lust much of her former popularity, and the nation became impatient under her arbitrary rule. In .September, 1S(J8, a revolution broke out,, headed by Serrano, Prim, and Topete. ending in the formation of a republican provisional government and the Might of I-abelhi to Fn-.nce. In 1870 she abdicated in favor of her son, Alfonso XII., who succee.lcd to the throne in 1875 after the brief reign of Amadeus of Savoy and the failure of the republic under Castelar. After 1871 the ex-Queen of Spain pas.sed the greater part of her time in Paris. Sre Spain. ISABELLA OF ENGLAND. .See Edwabd II. : and Ejiw ahu III. ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC, Order ..i-. A Spanish order of knighthood, founded by Fer- dinand VI 1., in 1813, as a reward for loylilty in the defense of Spanish .American possessions. It is now conferred for all kinds of merit. The sovereign is the licad of the order, which is divided into four classes of grand cross com- manders of the first and of the se<>ond rank, and knights. The badge of the order is an eight- l>ointed cross of gold inlaid with red enamel, bearing a central plaque with the motto. 'A bi lealtad acrisolada' — 'to proven loyalty' — and sus- pended from a laurel crown held by a ribbon of orange and white. ISABELLE, «'zi'b6l'. (1) In Molifere's L'eroir di'fs maris, the sister of Ix'onor, trained by Sganarelle to become his wife. She dupes him and marries Val^re. (2) A character in Dryclen's play The 11"; W flallant. ISABEL'LINE GAZELLE. A gazelle of Kor- dofan and Senna r (Gazclla isahcllina), distin- guished from the dorcas mainly by the tail being rufous instead of black above. See Plate of Gazeli.e.s. ISABELLITA, ii'sii'bel-le'tii (Sp., little Isa- belle). A name in the Spanish West Indies for any of the gaudy fishes of the genus Angelich- thys. called also 'angel-fish' and 'eraperor-fish' (q.v.). ISABEY, I'-'za'ba'. ErfiiixE Louis Gabriel (1804 SO). A Freiii b genre and marine painter, son and pupil of Jean Haptiste Isal)ey (q.v.). He was born in Paris, July 22, 1804. " He was much inlluenced in color by Delacroix, although his art was of a lighter character. His genre pictures represent scenes of a past age. and are painted in delicate and harmonious colors, especially the costumes. His marines show in an admirable manner the glittering evanescent elTects of light upon the waves. He received. first-class medals in 1824. in 1827. and 18.55, and became an officer of the Legion of Honor in 1852. In 1830 he was appointed royal marine painter, and accompanied the expedition to Al- giers. He died near Lagnv. April 27. 1880. His works include: "A Hurricane at Dieppe;" '■Harbor of Tlonfleur" (1827): "Rattle of the Texel" (1830). Versailles Museum; "View of Boulogne Harbor" (1843). Toulouse Museum; '•Ceremony in the Church of Delft" (1S47) : "Marriage of Henry 'H'." (1848): "Embarka- tion of De Ruyter .and De Witt" (18.50^ and "Roadstead of Saint Malo." in the T.nxemhniirg TMuseum ; and others in the provincial nuiseums of France and Germany. The Metropolitan Mu-