Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/88

* HILALI. 7; Klian. as a Shiile lieri'tic, iiltli(mf;h it soomn cor- tiiin that he had long before forsaken the national heresv ami iH'eoiiie an orthodox Suiinite. His poems include the epics, .S'i7<i/ Alusi/ikin ("On the Ways of Lovers"), and. most famous of all, «S/ih/i i( (lada ("Kin;; and Dervish"), translated hy KthO in Alorytnluiidischc IrHiiilirii (1870), and the lyric Divan, published at Cawnpore in 1864. HILA'RIA (Lat. noni. pi. of hiUiiii, Gk. Iap6s, liiliiios, gay). A Roman festival, cele- brated in honor of C'ybele at the vernal equino.. It began on March 22d and closed on the 25th. The last day of the feast was the most important, and on it the inhabitants of the city abandoned themselves to the most extravagant merrynmk- ing. The only religious ceremony in ronneetion with it was the solemn procession of the priests who bore round the streets the statue of the mother of the gods. The festival celebrated the departure of winter, and liailed the approach of spring. HILA'KION, S.ixT(c.288;i71). The reputed foiuiiler o( iiKjnachism in Palestine. According to the legendary and untrustworthy account of his life, he was born at Tabatha. near (!aza. in 288, was converted at Alexandria, and, attracted by the fame of Saint . lliony. went to visit the lat- ter in his hennitage and became his disciple. Returning to ralestine with some companions, while still only a lad of lifteen. he gave away all the proiwrty which he had inherited by the re<ent death of his parents, and withdrew into the des- ert between the sea and the marshes on the Egj'ptian border. He observed the most rigid asceticism, and after twenty years of t^jis life was rewarded with rapidly growing fame, mi- raculous gifts being attributed to him; disciples and imitators multiplied to the number of two or three thousand, all luider the spiritual control of Hilarion. When sixty-three years old, the death of Saint . thony being revealeil to him, he went to Egypt and visited the scene of that saint's labors; afterwards lie prcweeded with a favorite disciple. Hesychius. to Sicily, where his popularity rendered the quiet and retirement which were congenial to him impossible. A fur- ther migration to Kpidaurus thus became neces- sary, and ultimately be found a resting-place in Cyprus, the diocese of his friend ICpiphaniiis, where in a lonely cell among some almost inac- cessible rocks he died in ^7. He is commemo- rated by the Roman Church on October 21st. Consiilt Israel, "Die Vita Hilarionis des Ilicrony- nius." in /.lil.irhrift fiir iri/tsmnchaftUchc The- otnpir (.Tena. 1880). HIL'ARY (l.at. nUariu.i). Pope. A.n. 461-68. He was an earnest promoter of the faith, and severe in discipline. During his pontificatx> canons were adopted forbidding the ordination of men who had married a second time, or those who had married widows, and also forbidding bishops to nominate their successors. He is a saint in the Roman calendar, and his day is Sep- tendicr intli. HILARY, Saint, Bishop of Aries (401-49). A churchman whose name occupies a conspicuous place in the history of the fifth century. He was bom at Aries, and was made bishop there in 426. As metropolitan bishop be became involved in a serious controversy with the Pope, Leo the Oreat. The cases of two deposed bishops having been ! HILDA. carried to Rome on appeal, the condemnation was reversed; but Hilary refused to submit to the decision, maintaining that the authority was un- canonically exercised. In the end, however, lie sought a lecoiuiliation with the Pope, and the dispute was amicably tcriiiiiialed. Hilary died at Aries in 440. His works are in Mignc, I'alnA. I.iil.. i. His day is .May ."itli. HILARY, Sai.nt. Hishop of Poitiers (c.320- 66). One iif the Latin Church fathers. He was born of pagan parents at Poitiers about 320. His conversion to Christianity was mainly the result of his own study. About the year '.iy.i he was elected bishop of his native city, and immediately rose to the first ]dace in the Ariaii controver>y. Having provoked the displeasure of the Court jiarty, he was imprisoned anil sent into exile in I'hrygia (350); but a|ipears in the Council of Scleucia in 3511. and wa- piriiiilted to resume jmis- session of his sir. where he died in 366. The Church holds his day on .Ianuar>' 13tli. Hilary's theological writings are especially valuable for the history of the Ariaii party, and particularly for the diK-trinal variations of that .sect, and the successive phases through which it passed be- tween the Council of Xicica and the lirst Council of Constantinople. The liest edition is that of the Benedictine l)om. Constant (Paris, 16(13). or the reprint of it with additional matter by Maf- fci (Verona, 1730; in -Mignc, I'lilrol. hnl., ix. and X.). His selected works, with biographical and critical introductions, have been translated in the .Vicoie and I'oslSiccnc Fathers, 2d series, vol. ix. (New York. ISilO). His determined opposi- tion to Arianism won him the epithet '.Vthanasius of the West.' For his life, consult Cazenove (London, 1883) and Largent (Paris, 1002). HILARY TERM. In English law. one of the four Icriiis liild for the administration of justice by the courts of common law, and named frmii the saints' days nearest to the date of beginning the terms. Hilary term was formerly appointed to commence im .January lltli and to end o:i January 31st. It is now, by statute, a movable term, ending on the Wednesday before Easter. See Term (of Court). HIL'DA. A New England girl who goes to Rome to pursue the profession of painting, in Hawthorne's Marble Faun. A watch-tower which c(mtains an image of the Virgin, and in which the original of this character is supposed to have kept a light continuously burning, is still pointed out, ill Rome, as Hilda's Tower. HILDA, or HILD, Saixt (614-80). Abbes.s of Streanslialch or Whitby. She was a member of the royal f;iniily of Xorthiimtiria, and was bap- tized by Paulinus (q.v. ). with her kinsman. King Edwin. April 11. 627. During the pagan reac- tion which followed Edwin's defeat and death Hilda was tempted to settle with her widowed sister Hereswid at the Monastery of Chelles. 10 miles from Paris: but she was recalled to Eng- land by Bishop Aidan (q.v.). and in 649. two years after her consecration as a nun. she wa.s appointed to succeed Heiu. the abbess of Heortea, or Hartlepool. When, in fulttllment of the vow which he had made before the decisive liat.tle with Penda (November 15. 655). Oswy dedicated his infant daughter to Ood. it was to the care of Hilda that he intrusted her. In 657 the abbess founded the famous monaster^' on the clifTs of Streanshalch or Whitby, and for the next twenty-