Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/822

* lODISM. 732 lONA. lOBISM. Sec loDiuES. lOD'OFORM, or Tm Iodo-Metiiane, CHI,. A clicniiiiil lumpuuiid of carbon, hydrogen, and iodine, uiiulo;,'ou.s to eliloroform (<i.v.). It is a yel- low crystalline substance, liiivinK a penetrating sweetish odor and an unpleasant sweetish taste. It IS very soluble in eWier, moderately so in alco- hol, and but very sparingly in water. It melts at 119° C. (•J40.2"" K.), and Van be readily distilled in a current of steam, although it undergoes de- composition if distilled alone. It also undergoes gradual decomposition under the action <if light. It is produced u hen iodine e(nnes in conhitt, in the presence of alkalii's, with various organic coni- ])uunds of the fatty series, such as ordinary alco- hol, aldehyde, acetone, etc. Its ])reparaUon may be conveniently carried out as follows: Dissolve some caustic soda or caustic potash in alcohol diluted with water; warm (his solution gradu- ally, add iodine to it, and separate the precipi- tated iodoform by filtration. The filtrate con- tains considcrahle quantities of sodium or po- tassium iodide, and sodium or potassium iodate. These may either he recovered entirely, in the form of iodides, or else more alcohol an<l more caustic soda or potash nuiy be add<'d to the fil- trate and a slow current of chlorine passed through it, the iodine of the salts being thus set free to form fiirther qua'itities of iodoform. Another convenient method of preparing iodo- form consists in gradually adding an atiueous solution of sodium hydrochlorite to an alkaline solution of |)o(assium iodide in <lilute a(iueous acetone. Finally, iodoform may be niamifac- tured by subjecting to electrolysis a sohition of potassium iodide and acetone (or alcohol) in water with a current of carbonic-acid gas pass- ing into the solution. The principal use of iodo- form is for purposes of antisepsis, disinfection, and local stiinulation. It has been demonstrat- ed that iodine itself really exerts no anti.scptic action whatever, and is incapabli' of preventing ihe development of mi<-nvorganism.s. When, however, it is brought in contact with a wound, the .secretions of the latter s]ic(clily decompose it, and it is the decomposition products that possess the well-known antiseptic and disinfect- ing power. Iodoform, in the form of powder, of an ^intment, or of its solution in collodion, is extensively u.sed as an application for syphi- litic and tuberculous ulcerations, as well as for sores and wounds of any other kind. One of the disadvantages of iodoform is its disagreeable odor. Hut this may be masked by tlie addition of some musk, or by dissolving iodoform in volatile camiihor oil or in balsam of Peru. Iodo- form is rapiilly absorU'd from raw surfaces, and this sometimes gives rise to symptoms of poison- ing, and has even caused death. The .symptoms vary in difTerent cases, and may include any two or three of the following: Quick pulse, fever, collapse, dilated i)upils, erythema, hallucina- tions, and gastro - intestinal irritation. The treatment consists in administering stimulants and diaphoretics, and sponging the skin with warm water. A substance termed diioiloform has been introduced as a substitute for iodoform. See Acetylene. lOIiA, t-olft. A city and the county-seat of Allen County, Kan.. 10!) miles south by west of Kansas City, Afo. ; on the Neosho River, and on the Missouri Pacific, the Missouri, Kansas and Texas, and the Atchison, TojX'ka and Santa ¥i railroads (Map: Kansas, ti 4). Owing to vast wells of natural gas, the city has grown rapidly, and is showing a substantial industrial develop- ment. It has immense /.inc-smelters, zincroll- ing mills, cement-works, brick plants, a sulphu- ric-acid plant, foundry and machine-shops, and a wholesale trade in groceries, flour, and confec- tions. .Settled in 1857, lohi received a ibarter as :i city of the seccmd class in ISOH, and is governeil by a mayor, elected biennially, and a uniiamcral council. It owns and operates its water works and electric-light plant. Popula- tion, in 1S!M). ITdC; in inOO, .57!)!. I'OLAN'THE. An operetta hv Sir .Arthur Sullivan with libretto by V. S. Gilbert (1S82). The plot rest.s on the love story of Strephon, a poor suitor who is half a fairy, and Phyllis, a ward in chancery. The humorous element is supplied by the intervention of fairies. The music is attractive, and the opera has been one of the most popular of the authors' productions. lOLA'US (Lat., from (ik. TiXaos). In Greek inylhologT.-, the half-brother and I'harioteer of Hercules, whom he assisted in the destruction of the Lerna'an hydra and in otiu-r <oiitests. por his good oflices Megara, the first wife of Her- cules, was given to him. He also aided the chil- dren of Hercules against Kurystheus, and was worshiped with the hero at Thebes. I'OLITE (from Gk. (ov, ion, violet + XWtt, lithos. stone), Cordierite, or Diciiroite. A liy- drated magiiesiumiron-aluminum silicate that crystallizes in the orthorhombic sy.stem. It is found in various shades of blue, and is trans- parent to translucent. lolite is found in Fia- aria, Ilungarj', Tuscany, Brazil, and in Ceylon, where crystals of an intense blue color, called saphir d'cau, are found. In the rnited States d;irk-blue specimens occur at Jladdain and Nor- wich, Conn., and elsewhere in New England. They have been cut as gems. ION, i'on (Lat., from Gk. 'luv). A tragedy of Kuripides, the chief interest of which consists in Creusa's attempt to poison Ion. who had been brought up in .Xpollo's temple at Oelphi, and is given to Creusa and her husband as a son. When detected, Creusa is threatened with death at the hands of Ion, who is finally revealtKl to her as her son by Apollo. The date of tin- play is uncertain. ION. See Di.ssociATiON ; Io.mzatiox : Ki.ec- THO - Ciiemi.stry, Generai, : SouTTloN; Klec- TRICITT. lONA, t-.Vna (OI. //;. Ilii. I. island, whence the oldest Lafin form foiin. corrupted in tran- scription to lona). A celcbr;itcd island of the Hebrides, in Irish Icoi.MKli.i.. It is situiitcd on the west coast of Scotland, a short distanie from Mull and StafTa, and forms part of .Argyll- shire. It is about three miles long, varying in breadth from a mile to a mile and a half. Its area is estimated at 2000 acres, of which rather 7nore than a fourth part is under tillage. Tlie .soil in some parts is fertile, and yields oats, bar- ley, and potatoes in abundance. Dunii. the high- est point of the island, is :^30 feet above (he sea- level. Population, alioiif i.lO. The history of the island begins in the year .'>f).3, when Saint Columba (q.v.) landed upon lona with twelve disciples. Having obtained