Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/810

* INTIMIDATION. 720 been more effective in iiiudifying it. The most general question tluit remains unsettleiV is as to whether it is lawful for a body of men to do in unison or in pursuit of a common purpose any act wbich it should be lawful for each mem- ber of the body to perform as an individual, or whether such acts so performed may under the given conditiims amount to a conspiracy. See further under Consimh.vcy : OiitKss; Tort: StRIKKS .NI> LorKOl'T.S; BOYCOTTINO ; PlCKKT- IN(i. etc.. and consult the authorities under ToBT. Consult also, for a statement of tlii' latest devel- opment of the subject in (Ireat Britain, the case of .-Vllen vs. Flood. Iloiisr of Lords <'anci< ; and for the latest development of the subject in the State of New York. The National Protective Association rs. ('ununings. .Vcic York- Court of Appeals Heports, 1902: Be«ttie vs. C'oUeman. Xrir Yorl: Supreme Court Reports, 1903. INTINE, iii'lin or in't.'ii (from T-at. iiilus, within). The inner and more delicate layer of the spore wall. The outer and heavier one 13 called the 'exine.' The intine is also sometimes called the endosixirc.' See SPOBE. INTONATION (from 'Ml.,, intonare. to sing adnrding to tones, from l.at. iii, in + tonus, Gk. tAtos, liinos, tone; connected with Lat. tendere, (ik. relvtiv, teintiu, Skt. /(//i, to stretch) . In music the |)roerson having a finely trained ear is able to produce prfipc intonation. Hence we speak of pure and false intonation. INTOXICATING LIQUOBS. All li<pn)rs which may rcasimably lie u-ed as beverages and which contain enough alcohol to produce entire or partial intoxication if drunk in ordinary quantities. .• exact definition of this term is important under all excise and prohibition sUitutes, but as many palatable mixtures containing alcohol are sold in evasion of such laws, no delinite enumera- tion of such liquors is possible. The statutes of many States are broad enough to cover all preparations or comiiounds containing alcohol when they come within the above definition. The coiirts in most jurisdictions will take judicial notice of the character and elTcct of the well-known liquors, such as gin. whisky, brandy, etc.. but will re(|uire proof of the intoxicating qualities of mixtures containing alcohol, such as cordials or the various tonics., interesting discussion of this subject will be found in the "Into.xieating T.iquor Cases," reported in 25 Kan. Rep. p. 7.tI. See Excise; Pkoiiiwtio.n. INTOXICATION (MI,. iH*oa-i"cn(io, from in- toxirini . to poison, from Lat. in, in + toxicum, from CiV.. ni^iKbv. tuxikon. poison, originally that poison in which arrows were dipped, from T<if(K<if, tiixiLiis. relatinsr to a bow. from -6iiiv, toxon, bow). In medicine, poisoning by any agent: colloquially, a condition of impaired will and undermined control rcsilting from drinking alcoholic beverages. Intoxication is as correctly used of serious disturbance of mental and physi- cal equilibriim by the use of opium, chloral, INTOXICATION. belladonna, cannabis indica, or by the ingestion of lead, as of the poisoning resulting from the use of liquor. Alcoholic intoxication may !» acute, subacute, or chronic, .cute intoxication follows drinking a considerable quantity of liquor at once. Profound insensibility follows speedily, with stertorous breathing, purplish face, frothing at the mouth, weak ])ulse. and increas- ing coma. An active purge, such as eroton oil, jiut on the root of the tongue or introduced into the rectum, together with hypodermic injections of strychnine, tioth used after the employment of the stomach-pump, may be elbeaeious and save life. This form of intoxication is rarely seen. The subacute form is the usual drunkenness, of mild or .serious type. It is the form ob.served in those who drink alcoholic Ix'verages for the exhilaration they feel, or in those who drink till they arc stupefied. Slight intoxication I'auses increased activity of the circulation and of ner- vous and mental ])roeesses, as well as in most cases deran^renicnt of the digestive apparatus. Heavy drinking results in delirium, staggering (due to cerelwllar disturbance), loss of mus- cular power, and finally stupor. Vomiting, depression, and tremor appear when the person awakes or becomes conscious. An emetic, a cathartic, and a Turkish bath often rouse an intoxicated person when Ix-coming drowsy, anil prevent the occurrence of the coma which threal- ens. liut after repeated indulgences these meas- ures fail, .mmonia and strychnine are both very serviceable in treating the conditions exist- ing after the patient is aroused from his unconsciousness. Habitual intoxication results in (Iclirium tremens in some cases. (See 1)k- i.iitHM.) In others, it lea<is to alcoholic insan- ity. (See In.saxity.) Serious organic diseases result from the use of alcohol, such as cirrhosis of the liver, cirrhosis of the kidneys with secimd- ary heart disease, and artcrioselerosisj all of which are discussed under their proper titles. The will becomes undermined, judgment becomes impaired, and the idea of moral responsibility becomes diminished or lost, I.ei;rietv. This is the di.seased mental condi- tion resulting from the use of alcohol. There may have l)een an underlying neurasthenia, which has led the patient to seek some agent which will re- move his weakness and lack of endurance. Re- jM-ated recourse to alcoholic stimulation frequently results in inebriety in such a case. Heredity plays a prominent role in the causation of inebriety. In- ebriety or insanity is found in the ancestry of about half the cases. Race has a certain influence. Denmark and Belgium suder from the greatest amount of inebriety in the Cimtinental countries; Russia and Germany come next, and France, Sweden, Austria, and Switzerland follow. Tha Anglo-Saxon seems very su.sceptible to the dis- ease. The Italian is singularly free from it, and the Spaniard has nearly as good a record. The .lewisli people present an example of general freedom from inebriety wherever they are found. . hot, moist climate favors inebriety by reduc- ing general nervous resistance. Kxposure and occupation have also an evident influence. The mortality from alcoholism is stated by Norman Kerr to be 40.000 annually in Great Britain. He quotes I.ankester as sa.ving that one-tenth of the entire mortality in Great Britain is due to alcoholism.