Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/64

* HEYWOOD. 60 and his witty imagination, besides the literary tlnvor (if his writiiifr'". miide him the supt-rior intolk-etually of the iisiinl t'oiirt jester. Sliurlly after the accession of t^iieen Klizabeth, he with- drew to Malines, ISeliriiini. of liis literary re- mains the lirst ohronolojjically were live Inter- ludes. |>iiiitcii between 153:! and 15(51). There are frequent iilapiarisnis from Cluiiicer. but they con- tain some original htimor and vij;oriius satire: and the semi-dramatic form in which they are cast places them amonjr the ])recirsors of Knglish comedy. A more amliitioiis but lc<» sucies»ful prodiictiim was The S/iiilrr iitid Ihr Flu. which was printed in 155fi. Written partly as a enm- plimcnt to t^ueen -Mary for her theological alti- tude, it represented Roman Catholics as the Hies and Protestants as the spiders, with the (^ueen as the housemaid wielding her destroying broom. His best-known and must popular writings were the Kpifjrntiimes. the first extant edition of which bears the date 1502. The liilrrliuhs included: A inirj/ Ptnii Jirtirrrn the Purfloner find the Frere, the Curnle and Xei/hoiir I'lalle IMiX): A men/ Play between Johnii the IhiKbnnde. Tiih the W'ife, and .Vr/r Ilan the J'riest (h-iS."?) ; The Four P'k (lomVi: The Plnij of the M ether (1,53."}) ; and The Phi;/ of Love. His other works besides those nientioneil were .1 Pialoi/iie on Wit and Foil;/, and several ballads. Consult: Halli- well, Diclioiinrti of Old Kntilinh Plnim ( London. 1800); Sharman's Introduction to an edition of the Proverbs (London, 1874) ; and Symond. flhakxpcre'x Predeces.iors in the Enylish Drama (London, 1884). HEYWOOD, TiioMA.s (e.l.')75-c.lfi.">0). . celebrated ICnglisli dramatist and general writer, born in Lini<jliishire. lie seems to have stidicd at Cambridge. Hy 151IC he was apparently writing for the stage, and two years later he was cngiiged by Philip Ifcnslowe as an actor. Heywood was a most prolifu' writer. Tn Ifl.SS heelainied to have had "an entire hand, or at the least a main finger," in 220 idays. His career was not yet endc<l. Of these plays only twenty- four are extant. The best of them is a domestic drama entitleil .4 llomiiH hilled leilh Kindnefi.1, performed in KiO.I. This play brings us close to the heart of English middle-class life. Some- what similar to it is The Fnrili.ih Traveller (idXi). Representative of his work in low life is The Wise ^yoman of llop.idon (Ifl-SS). There are three admirable comedies of adventure: The Captive.i, The Fair Maid of the West, and For- tune ft;/ Land and Sea. Besides his 220 play.s, Hevwood wrote many pageants, triumphs, elegies, a long heroic poem entitled Troia Itritanniea, a universal chronicle history (100!)); An Apology for .Xelnri (1012; reprinted for the Shake- spearean Society. 1841) ; .Vine lionkn of Varioui Historti Conrerninff IVonien (1024); The Hier- arehi/ of the Ule.ised .^nr|els (10,3.5); and much else. He also made translations from Sallust, Lucian. Erasmus, and others. He died about 16,50. Consult: Drnmatir Works, ed. by Pear- son (fi vols., London, 1874) ; Thoma.i llei/trood, a selection from his plays, ed. by .1. A. SN-monds and A. W. Verity. "Mermaid Series" (Lomlon. 1888) : Old Enalish I'lai/i. ed. bv Bullen. vol. iv. (London. ISS5) ; and Ward. History of Enf/lish T)rnrnntie J,itrrnlure (New York. 1809). HEZ'EKI'AH (Heb. Khhkit/ah. Yahweh is my strength). King of .Tudah, son of Ahaz. HIAWATHA. His rei)i7i may be approximately fi.ed as ex- tending from B.C. 720 to 691. He ascende<l the throne at an early age — probably less than twenty — and app«'ars to have liecn early in- tlueneed by the iliscour.ses of the prophet Isaiah, through whom he was induced to remove from the cult at .Jerusalem certain practices, such as the worship of the brazen serjient (II. Kings xviii. ,'J. 4). We possess but little authentic in- formation about Hezekiah's reign. The most important event was an invasion of Palestine by Siinaelierili (i|.v. ). King of Assyria. c.701 ii.c. illi the help of the cuneiform annals of Sennacherib we can obtain a tolerably clear idea of this c:impaign. which was undertiiken to olTset the elforts of Itabvlonian and Clialdean chieft:iiiis like MerodaehHaiadan (cf. 11. Kings xx. 121!i) to niidve alliances with nations to the west whom Assyria claimed as vassals. Hezekiah and other rulers, such as the chiefs of the Philistines, of Edom and Moab, had actually promised Mero- daeh-Baladan aid in making Babylon independent of Assyria. Sennacherib, after overthrowing Merodaeh-Baladan, pr(Keeds to the west to wreak vengeance on Ilczckiah and his allies. He suc- ceeds in quelling the uprising, and removes those who hail shown themselves faithless to liim. Sennacherib advances within a few miles of .leru- salem, but after exacting a heavy trilmte, with- draws without capturing the .Judcan capital (II. Kings xviii. 13; xix. litl). This deliverance i.s said to be due to the 'angel of the Lord.* who 'smites' the .Assyrian camp (Tl. Kings xix. 35). The traditional interpretation of the passage makes it refer to a pestilence. The more probable reason for the withdrawal was the receipt of news from soutc troublesome Babylonian province which obliged Sennacherib to return to his huul. content with having once more made his authori- ty recognized in the west. It is hardly likidy that after this Ilezekiali ventiired on any cam- paigns, so (hat the aeeoimt (11. Kings xviii. .s i of a successful conflict with the Philistines is probably to be placed at the beginning of his reign. I'roni certain notices (e.g. Proverbs xxv.) it would appear that in his days considerable literary activity prevailed, though it is highly improbable that the King himself wrote any- thing. The song in Isaiah xxxviii., ascribed lo the King as having been composed by him after a severe illness. IxOnngs to the post-c.xilic period. on the evidence of the language and contents, and the entire story of tliis illness is probably a bit of legendary lore that has found its way into an histxirical narrative because it served to illus- trate the view taken by a later age of Hezekiah, who had become idealized like David and Solomon into the model of a (iod-fearing. pious Israelite after the pattern of the Yahweh purists. H. H. The initials denoting the authorship of Helen Hunt, n/e Fiske. See ,J.cK.sox, Helen K. If. HIAWATHA. hi'iVwii'llm. A city and (he county-seat of Brown Coimty. Kan., 40 miles noi^hwest of Atchison; on the Missouri Pacific and the Saint .Joseph and Grand Island rail- roads (Map: Kansas, (i 21. It has Hiawatha .Academy and the Morrill Public Library. The city is chiedy important as the commercial centre of a fertile agricultural country, and has bmi- lier-yards. grain-elevators, a flour-mill, foundries, machine-shops, etc. There are municinnl wafer- works and two clectric-Iight plants, one of which