Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/58

* HEXAGON. 44 HEXATEUCH. by laying off in suci-ession six chords, each fiiual to the radius. Sec Polygon. HEX'AGRAM ( fruiii (ik. i^aypditfiaTot, hexa- yrummutijs, cting of six letters, from »{, htx, si. + ypin/ia, yrainma, letter), Mystic. In lG3!t Pascal, at the age of sixteen, published the proiif of the proposition that the three pairs of opposite sides of a hexagon or hcxagramma iiiysliciim. as he termed it, in.scribed in a conic, intersect in three eollinear points. This is a fundamental proposition of modern geometry, and its reciprocal is Bri^chon's theorem. See CCNCrRBKNCK. HEX'AHE'DRON (from Gk. ?f, hex. six + ISpa, hciira, liase). A solid geometric figure of six faces. A regular hexahedron is called a cube. Sec ClBE : POLYIIEDRO.N., HEX'AM, Lizzie. The heroine of the sub- plot in Dickens's Our Mutual Friend. She edu- cates her ungrateful younger brother, frees her father's name from the stigma of murder, and is finally married to Eugene Wrayburn. HEXAM'ETER (Lat.. from Gk. ?{. hex, six + litrpov. m< trim, measure). The name of a verse composed of six feet or measures. The name lie.xameter usually refers to the dactylic hexame- ter, the heroic or epic verse of the Greeks and Romans, the hest examples of which are Homer's OdtjKsey and Iliad or Vergil's .Uneid. The last part of every verse nmst he cither a spondee (two long syllables, as in anno) or a trochee (a long and a short syllabic, as in qunli.s) . and the pe- nultimate must be a dactvl (a long and two short syllables, as in t'qm'n!'). The rest may be either dactyls or spondees. Thus constructed the verse is called dactylic. Homer olfcrs a regular dactylic hexameter in the verse: JtipJ) I Si Ka-y I 7T) yiver | apyvpe | oib )3i | ow. crgil gives this example: Tityrf tft iifttd 1 IS rPcfl ! bans Bub | teKintnl' i fagl. The dactylic hexameter has often been employed in modern pm-try, especially in English and in German. Thus, in Longfellow's Evangeline, we read these lines: TIiU iH the 1 fofpst primleval. T)ie I murmuring I pines anti the 1 hetnlocI<a Bearded wltii | mio.sh and with ] garments green, IndiBltinct In the I twlllirht, Stand like I Drnlils of I old with | voices Had and pro Iphetir. .^tund lilie I hnrpers | hoar with 1 beards that | rest on their I bosnmB. .■ (l Klopstock's Messias begins with the line: Xing'. un|»terbliche | Seele, der | sDndigen 1 Menaclihelt Er | lOaung. The last line of the Spenserian stanza consists of an iambic hexameter. Thus: And often knoeld lits brest, ns one that did repent. HEXAPLA (Gk. ffoTrXa, sixfold ). The name given to the work compiled by Origen for the pur- pose of restoring the purity of the Septuagint text of the liilile and bringing it into closer agreement with the original Hebrew. (See Rini.E. heading Vrrftimi.t.) It consisted of a six- colnmntext: (a) the Hebrew text ; (b) the same text transliterated into Greek characters; and the Greek translations of (c) .quila : (d) Symma- ehus: (e) the .Septuagint: (f) Theodotion. In case of a number of books. Origen added compari- sons with three other Greek translations. The omissions in the Septuagint were generally sup- plied from Theodotion and marked by an aste- risk, while additions in the .Septuagint, as com- pared with the Hebrew text, were indicated by an obelisk. In consequence, however, of the neglect of these distinguishing signs in manuscripts of the Hexapla. great confusion arose, so that it has been well nigh impossible to recover the original Septuagint text. The lleapla. a> a whole, has long been lost; several editions of those fragments which it has l>eeii jiossible to re- cover, have l»cn printed; that by the Benedictine -Montfaui.'on {2 vols., Paris, ITKi), which retains, so far as it was retained in the manuscripts, Uie arrangement and even the ast*-risks and olieli-k^ of Origen, long enjoyed high favor, but is now superseded by the admirable edition of Freilcrick Field (2 vols., Oxford, 18ti"-7.5). with additions and •supplements by Pitra in .iniilccia Sacra Spi- cilegio Snic.imensi, vol. iii. (Paris, 1883). See Orige.n. HEXAP'ODA (Xe<.I.at. nom. pi., from Gk. iidwov!, having six feet, from f{, hex, six + iroiij, lious, foot ) . The name of a class of arthropods, the insects, equivalent to Insecta. HEXATEtrCH (from Gk. (f, hex, six -f Tii'xuc, teticltds. implement, book). A term used to denote the first six books of the Bil)le. viz. : Genesis, E.xodus, Leviticus, Numbers. Deuteronomy, ,juid Joshua. While I'entateueh (q.v. ) as a title of the five books ascribed to Moses, and Ortateuch as a designation of these with .loshua, .ludges, and Ruth, go back to an- tiquity. Ilexaleuch is a modern term that has come into vogue chielly through Kuencn ami Wellhausen. It represents a critical view, ac- cording to which the Book of .loshua was com- ])iled from the same sources as the Pentateuch, and once formed with it a separate work. This opinion presupposes the conviction that the Pen- tateuch is not the work of Moses, but a later compilation from .sources of difTcrent age, which sources also appear in the Book of .Toshua. The existence of such sources is thought to be proved by duplicate .iccounts of the same events ami marked diircrenccs of representation, which dif- ferences do nut occur inrliscriniinately, liut appear in well-defined sections and in combination, a given point of view and certain marked cliar- acterisUcs of language and style invariably being found together. The following sources are now generally recognized: (1) A prophetic narra- tive, itself a combination of two distinct sources, one using .Jehovah (Yahweh) as the divine name and hence commtmly called .L the other using Elohim as the name of God and hence called K. the combination being designated as ,TE. It presents a succession of more or less closely con- nected narratives, lieginning with the creation and extending to the conquest of Canaan. ('2) A priestly docimient (P). covering the same period, but distinguished by the combination of narrative with legal ordinances. It is often called the 'Priests' Code.' althoigh the n.ame strictly t>e- longs only to the legislative portions (i.e. cer- tain of the laws in Exodns and those of T^viticus and Xumbers). (.■}) The code of laws kno«-n as the "Book of the Covenant' (C; Ex. xxi-xxiiil. (4) Another code, the 'Law of Holiness' (II; Lev. xvii.-xxvi.). (.5) The Book of Deuteronomy (D; also containing certain codes). The work of combination is commonly referred to a 'ro- daetor' designated by R. These sources are in turn generally considered as composite, or at