Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/57

* HE WIT. He received the degree of D.D. from Amherst College in 1874. HEWITSON, William Chapman (I80G-78). An Enj;lisli naturalist, born at Newcastle-upon- Tyne. He pracliced land-surveying until a be- quest from a deceased relative gave him the means and the leisure to study the natural sciences. lie gave great attention first to the ColeopU^ra and Lepidoptera of Great Britain, then to the study of birds' eggs, and devoted the last years of his life to the diurnal lepidoptera of the world, gradually forming a large and valuable collection which he' left to the natural history section of the iiritish Museum. His library was bequeathed to the Natural History Museum of Newcastle. He contributed many papers on en- tomology and ornithology to scientific journals, and published: flritish 'Oolugy ( 18."?3-42) ; Col- ored Iliiintrations of the Eggs of British Birds (1840); The Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera (1840). with E. Doubleday; Illtislralioiis of Diurnal Lepidoptera (1863-78) ; Illustrations of ew Species of Exotic Butterflies ( 1851-76) ; De- scriptions of One Hundred Xew Species of Hesperidm (1807): Descriptions of Some .Wio Species of Lucccnidw (1868); Equatorial Lepi- dofitcni (lSCII-70) ; Bolivian Butterflies (1874). HEWITT, hu'it, Abbam Stevens ( 1822-1903). An American manufacturer and public man, born at Haverstraw, N. Y.. and educated at Columbia College, where he was acting professor of mathe- matics in 1843. He studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1844. but defective eyesight prevented him from practicing, and he engaged in tlie manufacture of iron with Edward Cooper, the son of Peter Cooper, and a college classmate, who later became his brother-in-law. In 1862 llr. Hewitt learned in England the process for making gun-barrel iron, and upon hi.s retirement in 1876 as president of the American Institute of Jlining Engineers, he delivered a widely read address upon .1 Century of Mining and Metal- lurgy in the T'nifed States. He served in Con- gress in 1871-70 and 1881-86, was chairman of the National Democratic Committee which di- rected the Tilden campaign in 1S76. and was a Democratic member of the House committee which, in 1877, conferred with a similar com- mittee from the Senate in regard to the choice of an electoral commission to settle the disputed Presidential election. In 1886 he was elected Mayor of New York City, defeating Henry George and Theodore Roosevelt. He was an earnest worker for good government and labored with much success for mtinieipal reform. After his administration of two years he remained closely identified with municipal movements, and for his services in furthering the rapid-transit plan in New York City he was awarded a gold medal by the New York Chamber of Commerce in 1901. As a public benefactor he gave great aid to numerous institutions, and the present educa- tional prominence of Cooper Cninn, founded by his father-in-law in New York City, is due large- ly to his services as trustee and secretary. He was chosen chairman of the trustees of the Car- necic Institution at its organization in 1901. HEWITT, .TouN Napoleon Brinton (18.59 — ). .' .merican ethnologist and lingiiist. He was born on the Tuscarora reser'ation. near Niagara Falls, N. Y. : with some Tuscarora blood in his veins, he learned the language of that Vol, X.^i. 43 HEXAGON. tribe while a child. He was educated in the public sch(M)k of Wilson and Lockport. and was successively farmer and journalist till 1879, when he was employed by the department of American ethnology in the' Smithsonian Institu- tion, where he devoted himself to Indian ethnol- ogy and the languages of the Tuscaroras and Iroquois. HEWXETT, JIaueice Henry (18G1— ). An English novelist, born in London, and educated there. He was called to the bar in 1891, and in 1896 was made Keeper of the Land Revenue Records and Enrolments. Though he had writ- ten much previously, he gained his reputation in 1898 with a beautiful romance entitled The Forest Lovers. His other books include: Earth- work Out of Tuscany (189,5); The Masque of Dead Florentines (1895) ; Songs and Meditations (1897); Pan and the Young Shepherd (1898); Little Novels of Italy (1899) ; Richard Yea-and- Ya;/ (1900) ; and Aeic Canterbury Tales ( 1901). In his first romance and in the short stories that followed, Mr. Hewlett has of all his contempora- ries best interpreted the more elusive phases of mediaeval thought and sentiment. He can write with great charm an historical romance having few or no historical characters, depending upon his truth to life and his intimate acquaintance with the period he seeks to produce. Nothing of their kind can be better than the short stories called "^ladonna of the Peach-Tree" and "The Duchess of Nona," in Little Xovels of Italy. Some of the stories of the A'eic Canterbury Tales are also exquisite in sentiment and execution. HEXACHOKD, hiJks'a-kord (from Gk. e;, hex, six -f xopS-q, chordc, chord). A name given by the ancient Greeks, in their music, to the great sixth. In modern music, hexachord denotes the six diatonic degrees of which Guido formed his scale, better know-n by the six syllables, ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, to which the scale was sung. See Gasilt. HEXACORALI-A (Neo-Lat., from (Jk. ?f, hex, six -- KopdWiov. korallion. coral). . sub- class of zoantharian corals so named by Haeckel because the radiating septal walls of the polyps are arranged in series of six or multiples of six. Recent researches have shown that the Hexa- coralla constitute an artificial croup. See Cobal. HEX'ACTINEL'LIDA (Neo-Lat. nom. pi., from Gk. I|, hex, six + dxTis. aUtis. ray). One of the two orders of siliceous sponges (see Sponge), comprising those with six-rayed sili- ceous spicules: they live at considerable depths and include the glass sponge (Euplectella) and other hyaline forms. The other order is Desmo- spongi;e, including '■Silicispongia^ devoid of six- rayed spicules." The group is an ancient one, present in geological formations from the Ordo- vician down to present times. Remains attrib- uted to this group occur in Precambrian rocks at Saint .John. N. B. HEX'AGON (Lat. hexagonum. from Gk. i^i- yiiivov, from ef, hex. six, + yiavla. grinia. angle). A geometric figure of six sides. When the sides and angles arc respectively equ:>I. the hexagon is said to be regular. If a regular hexagon is in- scribed in a circle, each side is equal to the radius of the circle, nnd by joining the angular points to the centre of the circle six equilateral triangles are formed. Hence the perimeter of the circle may be divided into six equal parts