Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/564

* IMMIGRATION. 490 IMMIGRATION. and tliis is true, in some measure, of the Scandi- tion of illiterates is gonerully liigher among im- naviuiis. Among the newer raees, cliildren are migrants than in the poiiulation ul large of the very infrequent in the Croatian and Slovenian countries whenee they come, immigration. Ekfect l ton the I'oi'I'lation. The influence Statistics of occupation amciiig the immigrants of imniigratinn u|M)n the population at large de- show comparatively few in the professional class pends not only upon its volume, but also upon its I I'cr ccDt I I'cr cent Native born Foreign born nmivo born ( foreiitn bom SECTIONS Vinted Stales 63.843.302 Nortli .Vtlantic Stotea 16.283,899 Soulli Atlantic Stales 10.227.450 Niirthern t'entral Stales 22.174.530 Soutliorii t'entral States 13.722.392 Western States 3.245.028 10.460.085 4,762.796 216.1130 4.15S,474 357.0.'>j 840.321 86.3 77.4 97.9. 84.2 U7.5 79.3 13.7 22.6 2.1 15.8 2.5 20.7 or that of skilled laborers. By far the greatest nunil)er are in the classes grou|)ed as miscella- neous, in which laborers, farm laborers, and per- sonal and domestic servants make up nearlv the entire number (393,154 out of 412,879 in 1902). The general results are given in the following table: Fiscal years 1881-90 Fiscal year 1902 Number Per cent. Number Per cent. Professional .... Skilled Labor .. . Miscellaneous 27.006 .140.411 2.195.292 1.0 19.6 79.4 2.9.37 79.768 412,879 0.6 16.1 83.3 Total with occu- pation No occupation. . 2.762.709 2.483.904 100.0 495.584 153.159 100.0 Total 5.246.613 648,7431 The figures above given afford a comparison of the decade ending June 30, 1890, with the last fiscal year, and show that there has been a fall- ing otT of the proportion of skilled labor and a j;rowth in that of unskilled labor. That this change is largely due to the newer elements can be .seen from an examination of the figures for 1902. For certain races we find the following percentages : Professional ... Skilled Labor Miscellaneous. English 6.2 45.9 47.9 German 0.9 28.0 71.1 Italian 0.3 13.7 86.0 Croatian and Slovenian 5.4 94.6 Corresponding to the figures for occupations are those for illiteracy. The following instruc- tive table is taken from the Report of the In- dustrial Commission (xv. p. 284) : diffusion. We have already seen that the foreign born in 1900 constituted 13.7 per cent, of the total population of the country ; but it is to bo noted that of the ten million foreign born enu- merated, few more than half a million were found in the Southern States both of the Atlantic coast and the Mississippi Valley. The figures for 1900 arc in the table above. It will be noted that the largest number of foreign born is in the North Atlantic division, and here. too. the proportion is the largest. In 1800 the largest proportion was in the Western division, tlio largest number in the North Cen- tral division. Of the aggregate increase of 1.151- 891 in the number of the foreign born, 874,fil9 are credited to the North Atlantic States. Here the proportion of foreign born slightly exceeds 30 per cent, in Rhode Island and Slassachusctts, and is greater than 25 per cent, in New York and Connecticut. In the Northwest these fig- ures are paralleled by 35.4 per cent, in North Da- kota. 28.9 in Minnesota.* and 24.9 in Wisconsin. While not drawn from urban classes at home, the foreigners tend to concentrate in cities. In the principal cities of the nation (IGl cities, having over 25,000 inhabitants), as much as 26.1 per cent, of the population is foreign bom, while in the remainder of the country but 9.4 per cent, are foreign bom. This tendency to the cities is due not only to the fact that cities represent the most rapidly developing part of our population, and hence ex- ercise the strongest attraction for the floating elements, but in part also to the fact that the immigrant finds in the cities groups of his own countrymen, upon whom he naturally relies to establish relations with the world into which he has come. Hence it occurs that in one place certain nationalities will predominate which are insignificant in numbers in other cities. The Iluteract Amo.vo Immiorakts 14 Years of Age amd Over Western Europe Scandinavian English Scotch Finnish Bohemian and Moravian Irish French <";*Tnian I>utch and Flemish Nonhern Italian Average 1899 1900 0.6 OS 1.7 2.0 1.5 2.1 1.2 2.7 3.4 3.0 4.0 3.2 3.5 4.1 3.2 5.8 9.3 9.9 11.4 11.8 2.8 4.0 Eastern and Southern Europe Magyar Greek Hebrew Slovak Russian Polish Lithuanian Croat ian and Slovenian . Ruthenian Southern Italian PoriuKuese Average 1S99 10.0 16.9 23.8 17.5 23.0 22.8 27.7 28.0 13.5 28.8 31.3 31.6 32.5 .32.1 24.9 37.4 42.6 49.3 57.3 54.5 65.6 60.2 38.4 1900 36.6 The races here enumerated range themselves census report of 196b gives in detail nationalities according to the general degree of education at of nineteen cities having 200.000 inhabitants, and home, though it should be noted that the propor- of ten other cities where the foreign born number