Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/420

HYDE PABK. miles from the State House, Boston; on the Ncponsot River, and on two divisions of the New York. Ni-w Haven and Ilartfurd Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, K 3). It has a public library of over 14,000 volumes; and extcnsiw manufac- tures of cotton, woolen, and rubber ;,'i>ods, paper, dyestulfs, looms, morocco, tools and machinery, and curled hair. Hyde Park was incorporated in 1S68; its government is administered by town meetings. Population, in 1890, 10,11(3; in 1900, 1,1,244.

HYDE PARK. A village in a town of the same name, and the county-seat of Lamoille County. t., 28 miles north of Monlpelier; on the l^imiiille River, and on the Boston and Maine Railroad (Map: Vermont, D 3 ). It is the centre of a farming and lumbering district, which also po^>sess€s considerable mineral wealth, and has extensive leather interests. Population (village), in 1900, 422; (town), in 1890, 1033; in 1900, 1472.

 HYDERABAD, more properly. HAIDARABAD, liiilr-r ;i-b;Ur. or Xiz.xM's Dominions. A large native State of southeastern India, bounded on the north by Berar and northeast by the Central Provinces, on the southeast by Madras, and on the west by Bombay (Map: India, C 5). Area, S2.G98 square miles. The surface is an ele- vated plateau 1800 to 2000 feet above sea-level, diversiticd by mount^iin, valley, and plain, and watered by the Godavari with its affluents the Dudna, the Manjara. and Pranhita; the Kistna with its affluents the Bliima and Tungabliadra ; and the Wardha with its affluents the Painganga and Waingiinga. The climate is fairly healthful; the annual precipitation registers 28 to 32 inches. The geological formation is a base of granite, gneiss, and talc slate, superimposed by clay, limestone, sandstone, hornblende, feldspar, and in some districts columnar basalt. Iron and coal are mined, and gold, garnet, and diamond beds, which formerly supplied the Golconda treasury, still exist, although modern mining operations for the precious minerals have hither- to been unrcmunerativc. The soil is compara- tively fertile, but sparsely cultivated. Cotton, maize, wheat, millet, and rice are the chief agricultural products, and tobacco, sugar-cane, and indigo are also grown. Fruit culture, mar- ket gardening, pasturage of cattle and of sheep, and horse-breeding are other agricultural branches. Bad seasons, notably in 1900. have resulted in famine. There are domestic manu- factures of silk, woolen and cotton fabrics, car- pets, and leather. Raw silk, cotton, hides, dye- stiitfs. gtims. and resins are exported, and cereals, cloth goods, hardware, salt, and timber are im- ported. Good military roads traverse the State, and in 1901 there were 71.5 miles of railroad open. The ruler of Xizam is a Mohammedan, as are also the Government officials, although the sub- jects are chiefly Hindus. There is a British Resi- dent and adviser at Hyderabad, the capital. The annual revenue is about 39.000.000 rupees. The population, in 1891. was ll..'537.040: in 1901, 11.141.142. or IS.') to the square mile; of the population in 1901, 9.870.839 were Hindus; Mo- hammedans numbered 1.1.55.7.50: Christians, of whom half were Roman Catholics. 22.996; .Tains. 20.34.5: Sikhs. 4335: and Parsis, 1403. A native army is maintained, consisting of 7660 men, infantry-, artillery, and cavalry, officered by Brit- ish soldiers. Education made considerable prog- ress during the latter decades of the last cen- tury; but only a small per cent, of the children attend .school, and the moss of the population is illiterate.

Hyderabad, formerly attached to the dominions of the lUjahs of Terlingana and Bijanagur, in 1512 became a separate kingdom, but in 10S7 lapseil into a province of the Mogul Kmpire. In 1730 A/af .Jah, one of Aurungzebe's warriors, was noniimited Nizamul-Mulk — Regulator of the State — and Subahdar of the Deccan, and eventu- ally made him.-,clf independent. After his death in 1748, the tlirone was eontest<>d by his son, N.izir .lung, supported by the British Kast India Company, and his grandson, Mirzafa Jung, vhose cause was cspouse<l by the French under Dupleix. The latter triumphed until Mirzafa W.1S murdered by Pat.an chiefs. Anarchy reigned until Xizam .Mi, who ascended the throne in 1761, was defeated by the British, and signed the Treaty of 17l)C. which ceded the Xorthem Circars to the East India Company. The subse<|uent misrule of X"izam All's successors increa.se<l the territorial debt, which was liquidated by a fur- ther cession of land to the East India Company, with the stipulation that part of the revenvies should maintain the Xizam's contingent, a sub- sidiary force of 8000 men for the jirotection of his dominions. During the mutiny of 1857 an unsuccessful attack was made on the British Residency at Hyderabad : the X'izam and his troops, however, remained faithful to the Brit- ish, and the State has since been distinguished for its loyalty to the Imperial jiower. Consult Grible. The Ili.vlon/ of the Diccan (London, 189G).

HYDERABAD, or HAIDARABAD. The capital of the Xizam's Dominions, India. It .stands on the Musi River, in latitude 17° 22' N., and longitude 78° 32' E., 1800 feet above the sea (Map: India, Co). It is an important railroad and commercial centre, and its •well- stocked and extensive baaaars are particularly ))icturesque. The splendid building of the Brit- ish Residency stands on the opposite side of the river, the stream being here bridged by nine spacious arches of squared granite connecting the Residency with the Xizitm's palace. The city is surroimded by a fortified wall six miles in circuit. Tlic most conspicuous building is the principal mosque, fashioned after the model of the Kaaba at Mecca; while at the meeting of the four principal streets of the city rises another remarkable edifice, the Char Minar or College with four minaret.s. resting on connected arches, through which nm the four converging thoroughfares. Water is supplied from huge tanks, one of which, close to the British canton- ment cf Secunderabad. measures three miles by two; another is said to be 20 miles round. The city owns its water-works, and maintains schools, a hospital, and pleasure grounds with a zoolog- ical section. Population, with suburbs, in 1891, 415,039: in 1901. 448.460.

HYDERABAD. The chief city of a district of the same name in the Sindh Division, Bombay, British India, four miles east of the left bank of the Indus (Map: India, A 3). The ancient capi- tal of the Sindh Kingdom, it has been famous from earliest times for its manufactures, in- cluding arms of various kinds, lacquered ware, gold and silver articles, and silks. It is an im-

