Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/394

* HU-PEH. 3-10 HUELEY. tures. The capital is W'u-chang, on the Yang-tse, oppo^iite Uankow, where the Kutai or tJovernor oi the province, and the Tsiiiiptuli or Gov- ernor-General of the united provinces of Hu- nan and Hu-|ieh reside. Three of the towns are treaty ports — Hankow. Sha-shi. and 1-chang (qq.v.) — all on the leff hank of the Yang-tse, There are several extensive coal fields in the province, and lioth coal and iron are now being actively mined by modern methods. HXJPFELD, hoop'liMi. Hermann- (1796-1866). A (iernian tlicohif^ian and Orientalist. He was born in Marburg, studied at the university there, was profes.sor from 182.5 to 184.1, and in the latter year succeeded Gcsenius at Halle. His nio.st important work is the L'eber- set:ung tind .liislcytivfi dir /Vi/rticii (lS.)5-61l, characterized by sound scholarship. His further publications include: hxcrcitationes .Klliiopica: (1825); Die (furltcn drr (Icnrsis (1853); and Die hcutigc theosophische und mythologischc Theologie tind Hchrifterkliirung (1801). Con- sult Kiehm, Dr. Uermann Uupfeld (Halle, 1867). HUBA, hii'rt (Xeo-Lat., from the native name). A genus of plants of the natural order Kuphorhiaceic. Hum en pituns, a native of the West Indies and tropical America, is a tree which abounds in a very acrid milky juice, and has stalked, heart-shaped, acuminate, h'athery leaves. The fruit is a woody capsule, of the size of a large apple, very much llattened. formed of 12 to 15 carpels, each containing a large seed. These carpels surround a common axis, and sepa- rate with great elastic force. The tree is called sandbdx-tree. because, before the use of blotting- paper became general, the capsule was generally used in the West Indies as a sandbox for powder- ing letters with fine sand : but it was fouml necessary to bind it with a hoop of iron, as, e^-en after being used for years, it would sometimes burst with a loud report. The seeds are a vio- lent drastic purgative. HTT'RAM. Sec Hiij.xm. HURD, HiciiABD (1720-1808). An English prelate. He was born at Congreve. in StalTord- shire, .January 13. 1720; studied at Cambridge X'niversity, and became fellow of Emmanuel Col- lege in 1742. In 1740 appeared anonymously his first notable production. Commentary on Hor- ore'." Ars Poclica. in which he advocated the now discredited theorj' that the poem was a system- atic criticism of the drama of the Romans. In 1750, on Warburton's recommendation, he was appointed one of the Whitehall preach- ers. He beeame Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry (1775). and in 1783 declined the .Arch- bishopric of Canterbury. He died at Hartleburv Castle, May 28, 1808. His principal works are': Mornl and Political Pinlogiies, in which his toric characters arc introdticed as interlocutors on such themes as sincerity, retirement, the golden age of Elizabeth, and the constitution of the English Government (17.50); Letters on Chirnlni and liomanre (1762): and An Intro- duction to the fltudy of the Prophecies Concern- ing the Christian Churrh. and Pnrtirulnrli/ Con- cerning the Church of Pnpnl Rome (1772). His complete works with life appeared in eight vol- umes (London. 1811). Consult, also, his life by F. Kilvrrt ( ih.. 1860 1. HTTRDWAR. herd-war'. See Hardwab. HURDY-GXTRDY (of onomatopoetic origin). . very old niu.-ioal instrument of the stringed kind, which, under the name of lever, or Uauern Icier, spread from its native country, Germanv. over a great part of Europe. The hurdy-gurdy consists of a flat, oval-shaped soimding-board, over which the strings are stretched, with a back or bottom of the .same size and shape. These are bound together by tolerably deep sides, or ribs. On one side are from ten to twelve finger- keys, for shortening the sounding lengths of the strings when required. There are four strings of gut which are put into a state of vibration by iK'ing rubbed by the edge of a small wooden wheel charged with rosin, and turned by a han- dle. Two of the strings are tuned in uni.son as a key-note, or one of them a fifth above: they are placed out of reach of the keys, and form a sort of drone-bass. The other two strings arc acted on by the keys, and produce a diatonic scale of from ten to twelve notes. The hurdy- gurdy is only suited to simple music, and was used for such as had many repetitions. From the tenth to the twelfth centurj' it was one of the most popular inttruments, but was then superseded until the eighteenth, when it again, and especially in France, became very popular. It is now nearl}- obsolete. The name is also ap- plied to a large street or barrel organ (q.v.). For illustration, see Musical Instbuments. HURL'BTJT, .Te.sse Lyman (1843—). An .merican clerjiviiuin of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was born in New York City ; gradu- ated at Wesleyan University in 18(34. and held several pastorates in Xew Jersey. After 1879 he was connected with the Sunday-school and tract work of his denomination, spending much of his time as an editor of Sunday-school litera- ture. He was secretary of the Epworth League in 1880-02. and for some time was associated with Dr. .J. H. Vincent in the direction of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle. Among his works are: Manual of liiblical Oeog- raphi) (1882); Outlines in Old Testament Uis- toryWM) ; and Our Church (2003). HTJRLBUT, Steimien' AiGisxr-s (1815-82), An American soldier and diplomat, born in Charleston, S. C. He studied law, was admitted to the Iwr in 1837, and practiced in Charleston tintil 1845. when he removed to Belviderc, 111. He was a Whig member of the Illinois .State Con- stitutional Convention in 1847. served as a Whig Presidential elector in 1848. was in the State Legislature from 18.50 to 1861, and in May. 1861, became a brigadier-general of volunteers. He commanded a division at Fort Donelson, after its capture, and at Shiloh : was promoted to he major-general of volunteers in 1862: commanded the Sixteenth .-Xrmy Corps during Sherman's Mississippi campaign of 1864 and succeeded General Banks as head of the Department of the Gulf. He was returned to the Illinois Legisla- ture in 1867. and was a Republican Presidential elector in 1868. From 1869 to 1872 he served as X'nited States Minister to Colombia, was a member of Congress from 1873 to 1877. and in May. 1881. he was appointed United States Min- ister tn Pom. where he died the following year. HURT-EY. The county-seat of Iron County. Wis.. 40 miles east by .south of .shland. on the Montreal River, opposite fronwood. Mich., and on the Wisconsin Central and the Chicago and