Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/393

* HUNTSVILLE. 339 HTJ-PEH. time it was the capital of the State. Population, in 1890, 791»5; in lUOO, 8008. HUNTSVILLE. A city and the county-seat of Itandulph Cuunty, Ho., seven miles west of Moberly, ou the Wabash Railroad (Map: Jlis- souii, L) 2). It has coal-mines and some manu- factures, and a trade in coal, farm produce, live stock, etc. Population, in 1890, 1836; in 1900, 1805. HUNTSVILLE. A city and the county-seat jf Walker County, Te.., 7a miles north of Uou?- ton, on the international and Great Northern Railroad (ilap: Texas, ti 4J. It is an important cotton market, and manufactures cotton goods, cottonseed oil, wagons, lurniture, steam-engines and boilers, cigars, etc. The city has the .Sam Houston Normal School (State), the State Peni- tentiary, and, of hisLorie interest, the old home and grave of Gen. Sam lloust/jn, and the grave of H. Vokum, the first historian of Texas. Hunts- ville was first settled about 1836. The govern- ment is administered by a mayor, elected every two years, and a unicameral council. Popula- tion, in 1890, 1.509; in laOO, 2484. HUNYADY, hiin'yo-di, .Jaxos (.John ITun- niades) (c.1387-1456). The national hero of Hun- gary. His origin is shrouded in obscurity. He saw his first military service under King Sigis- niund. Under Sigismund's successor, Albert II. (1438-39), he became known as a brilliant sol- dier, and was ban of a district on the bor- ders of Transylvania, exposed to the Turk- ish attacks. It was the period when the Turkish power was at its height, and it seemed within the range of possibility that the Mo- hammedans would obtain possession of the greater part of the Danube Valley and seriously menac:e Western civilization. To Hunyady, more than to any other one man. Europe owes it that the danger was averted. Albert died in 1439. and as there was no male heir, the nobles elected King l.adislas. of Poland, to the Hun- garian throne. Jleanwhile the wife of Albert gave birth to a .son. Ladislas Posthumus. and a civil war resulted, of which the Turks took advantage. Hunyady, however, defeated them in several battles, and in 1443 an advantageous peace was made. Nevertheless, King Ladislas, incited by the Papal Legate, Julian Cesarini, be- gan war again, and on November 10, 1444, the Hungarian army under Ladislas and Hunyady was overwhelmed at Varna. Ladislas was among the slain, whereupon Ladislas Po.sthumus was recog- nized by all parties as King, and Hunyady was made Regent during the minority. War was ac- tively carried on both against the Turks and Frederick III. In 144S Hunyady was completely defeated by (he Turks at Kossovo. after which he w-as held prisoner for a short time by the Ser- vians. His most splendid achievement was the defense of Belgrade in 145C against the army of Mohammed II.. the conqueror of Constantino- ple, in which he was aided by the celebrated Giovanni Capistrano (q.v.). On June 15, 14.30, the Turkish attack began, and on July I4th Uunyady forceil his way into the city, while Szilagyi, the commander' of the town, made a sortie, and finally, on July 21st, the Turks were decisively repulsed ami" raised the siege, having lost .Sd.OOO men. A few days after this glorious victory dysentery broke out in the army, and Hunyady, the ^reat Christian hero. after a short illness, fell a victim to the disease. He left two sons, Ladislas and Matthias Cor- vinus. The former was treacherously imprisoned and beheaded at Buda, by Ladislas Posthumus. Matthias, generally known as Matthias Corvinus, became King of Hungary in 14.58. Consult Clias- sin, 'Jean de Hunyad," in La Uongrie (Paris, 1856). HUNZAS, hoon'zAz. One of the Arvan tribes of Dardistan, inhabiting the district about liunza. HUON DE BORDEAUX, u'Ox' dc bfir'dft'. A Preach chanson de gcste, probably belonging to the thirteenth century, and then somewhat altered when rewritten lor Charles Seigneur de Rochefort, early in 1454. The oldest printed edi- tion is in folio and without date; the second, in quarto, bears the date 1516. The English trans- lation was made by Lord Berners, in Henry VIII.'s time. The subject has proved a tempting one for poets, the famous Oheron of Wieland, and Weber's opera of the .same name, being among the poems founded upon it, while Shake- speare drew from it in the Midsummer Night's Dream. A prose adaptation has been issued by Gaston Paris (1809). HU'ON PINE. See Dacbydium. HUPA, hilo'pa. A tribe of Athabascan stock, originally occupying a number of small villages on the lower Trinity River. California, and now gathered on the Hupa Valley Iteservation in the same region. Like some of the stock, they were fonnerly of warlike and aggressive char- acter, and are said to have brought a number of surrounding tribes under regular tribute, be sides comijelling them to a certain extent to use their language. In their pristine condition, they subsisted chiefly upon salmon, dried and smoked, and acorns made into flour and porridge. They were noted for the variety and beauty of their basketry. They now nxunber 420. not including some remote tribes. HtJ-PEH. hi/pe (Chin., Lake North). One of the eighteen provinces of China pro|)er, sit- uated in the very centre of the country, and surrounded by the populous and impor- tant provinces of Hunan on the south, Sze-ehuen on the west, Shen-si and Honan on the north, and Ngan-hwei on the east. The Yang-tse from west to east runs through its southern part, while the Han, in its tortuous course from the north- west, irrigates its fields and provides a splen- did waterway for its commerce. The province is mountainous in the north, being wne- trated with spurs and outlines from the Ta-pa- shan and Fu-niu mountains. Toward the south- west it is low-lying, and is covered with many marshes, shallow lakes, and lagoons, the re mains of that portion of the Tung-tin;; Lake which formerly spread much farther north than it does now. These sheets of water have been connected by navigable ditches, and serve as a safe short cut for the smaller class of native junks from Sha-shi (on the Yang-tse opposite the entrance to the Tunp^ting) to Hankow, or to towns farther up the Han. The area of the province is estimated at 7(t.(MI square miles, and its population at 28,300,000. For administrative purposes it is divided into 10 fu. or ilepartnients. 1 sub-department. fiO hien (or hsien) or prefectures, and 10 subprefec-