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* HERTZBERG. 25 nach den Quellen erziihlt (1877); Geschichte Griechenlands vum Absterhen des antiken Lebens bis zur Ueyenwart (1876-79); Rom und Kiinig I'yrrhos (1871); Die I'eldziige der Roiiier in Ueutschland (1872); Geschichte von Bellas und Kom ( 1879-80) ; Geschichte des rijmischen Kaiser- reichs (1880-82) ; Geschichte der Byzantiner und des Osmanischen Reichs (1882-84); Geschichte der Stadt Halle ( 1889-93) ; and Kurze Vebersicht iiber die Geschichte der Universitdt Halle (1894). HERTZKA, herts'ka, Tiieodob ( 1845— ). An Austrian political economist, born at Pest. He studied at Vienna and at Pest, was editor of the economics section of the Xeue Frcie Prcsse of Vienna from 1872 to 1879, and in the latter year established the Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung, which he edited until 1886. His earlier volumes, such as Die Gesetze der Handels- undSocialpolitih ( 1880) , recommend for Austria free trade and a gold- standard currenc}'. In his Gesetze der sozialen EntwicKlung ( 1886), he promulgated ideas of so- cial reform which he extended in Freiland. ein sozialcs Zukunftsbild (1890. 10th ed. 1896), the description of a communistic Utopia located in Central Africa. His summons to the formation of such a colony resulted in the organization of nearly a thousand unions for the realization of that object, general direction of the enterprise lieing assigned to a central committee. An at- tempt toward the execution of the plans was made in 189.3, but failed. The Reise nach Frei- land (1893; Nos. 3051-62 of Reclam's Universal- hihliothrl;) was an amplification by Hertzka of the previous volume. HERTJLI, he-roo'le, or ERULI. A savage, undisciplined, and warlike tribe of Germanic stock that appears frequently in history from the third to the sixth century a.d. We first hear of them as settled north of the Black Sea at about the middle of the third century, and joining in the marauding expeditions of the Goths on the eastern confines of the Roman Empire. In the following century they were subjugated by Hermanrich. King of the Ostrogoths, and later still allied themselves with the Huns, and fought in the battles of Attila. (See Attila.) By this time their main body had moved to the west, and was settled in the middle basin of the Danube in close proximity to the Gepida?, with whom they formed a sort of loose alliance. They joined in large numbers the army of Odoacer and helped to overthrow the Western Empire in 476. Their Danubian kingdom was destroyed by the Lom- Ivirds in the sixth century, and the race was dis- jiersed. soon disappearing from view. Most of them had been converted to Christianity under the Emperor .Justinian. Consult : Aschbaeh, Geschichte der Heruler und Gepiden (Frankfurt, 1835) : and Hodirkin. Itahf and Her Invaders (Oxford. i^^so-nnK HERVAS Y PANDTIRO, ar-vas' d pan-do5'- r6, Lorenzo (1735-1809). A .Jesuit priest and celebrated philologist, bom at Cuenca. Spain. He entered the Society of Jesus at Madrid; stud- ied in the .Jesuit College at .lfala dc Henares. devoting himself especially to linguistics and architecture; taught in the Royal College in Madrid, and at Murcia in the colloec of his Order. Soon after he went to America as a mis- sionary, but in 1767. by the expulsion of his society, he was driven to Rome, where he stud- ied mathematics, physics, and afterwards lin- HERVEY. guistics. In 1799 he returned to Barcelona and after a few months there to his native town. But in 1803 or 1804 he again went to Rome, and Pius VII. made him librarian of the Quiriual, where hard work hastened his death. He may be called the founder of comparative philology in Spain and Italy, because of his Catdlogo de las lenguns conocidas; the ]'ocabulario poliglota ; an L'nsayo practico de las lcngua»; and Origen, (or- macion, niecanismo, y armonia dc los idiomas. He wrote both in Italian and Spanish. His most famous work was Idea del' Universo (1778- 87), a huge treatise on cosmography. He wrote: La escuela espaiiola de sordo-mudos 6 arte para ensennrles a escribir y hablar el idioma espanol (1795), which was followed by other educational works for deaf-mutes; Descrip- rion de los archivos de la corona de Aragon en Barcelona, etc. (1801); and the following un- edited works: Historia de la escritura; I'aleo- grafia universal; Moral de Confucio ; and His- toria de las primeras colonias de America. HERVE, ar'a', Aiiit Marie Edouard ( 1835- 99). A French journalist, bom at Saint Denis, Reunion Island. He was successively editor of the Courrier du Dimanche (1863); Le Temps (1864) ; L'Epoque (1865) ; after which the Gov- ernment censorship silenced him in France till, in 1867, he, with J. J. Weiss, founded Le Journal de Paris. On Weiss's withdrawal he edited that paper alone until 1873, when he founded Soldi. which he conducted with great ability. He was elected to the Academy in 1886. Herve was a supporter of a liberal constitutional mon- archy, and wrote in this connection a history of liberal ideas in England, Une page d'histoire con- temporaine (1869). HERV^ (properly Florimoxd Roxger) (1825-92). A French musical composer. libret- tist, and comedian. Ho was born at Houdain, near Arras, went to Paris when a child, stud- ied vocal and instrumental music under Saint- Roch. and was for eight years organi.st of Saint- Eustache. He made his debut as a composer v.ith a light opera, Don Quichotte (1848). and in 1S51 was made leader of the Palais-Royal or- chestra. Three years afterwards he assumed the direction of the Folies-concertantes on the Tem- ple Boulevard, and became literally man of all work, as he wrote the score and the words, de- livered both, led the orchestra, painted and shifted scenery. His first great success was in his original role of Le compositeur toque, and he produced a number of light operas, such as L'ocil crevc (1867) and Le petit Faust (1869), performances not lacking in melody, imagination, and originality. Ileri-e was the originator of French opera boufJe. but his work was after- wards overshadowed by that of Offenbach. HERVE RIEL. The hero of Browning's poem of the same name (1867). He was a Breton sailor, who, in 1692. guided the French fleet safely into the port of Saint-Malo after the battle of La Hogue. and asked only a day's holiday as a reward. HER"VEY, her'vl. Eleanor LonsE Montagu 'ISIl — ). An English poet, wife of Thomas Kibble Heri'ey. the poet. When but fourteen years of age. she began writing verses and tales for the different annuals and 'keepsakes' of her time, but her most ambitious attempt was a dra- matic poem in six acts called The Landgrave