Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/386

* HUNT. 33:^ HUNTEK. (1873) ; at Manchester, the "Shadow of Death (1873), also .alleil "Christ, the Carpenter." and "Valentine and Silvia;" at Liverpool, the "Tri- umph of the Innocents" (1885|. Among his latest works are; "Isabella and the I'ot of Basil; ".May Morning in Magdalen Tower;" "Holy tjre in the Church of the Sepulchre at .Jerusalem." HUNT, Wil-U.VM MoHitis (lS-24-7i)). . . .American landscaiK'. tigiire. and portrait ])ainter. He was born at Hrattleboro. Vt.. .March 31. 1824. He entered Harvard College in 1840, but, com- pelled to U-ave on account of his health, ho traveled in Kurope. He at first studied sculp- ture at tlie .cndemy of Ddsscldorf in 184C. and afterwards took up painting with Couture in Paris. .Attracted to Barbizon, he became a friend and iVdlowcr of Millet, who exercised the strongest intluence on his art. In 1855 Hunt returned to the Initcd States, and soon after- wards established himself in Boston. There he tiecame a vcrv successful teacher of painting, and exercised a marked inlluence upon . ierican art. He taught his pupils the new art methods of Paris, and intluenced large clas.scs. not only by the superioritv of his aims, but by his own work. His criticisms and sayings in his studio were compiled and edited by his jxipil. Helen M. Knowlton. and published under the title Tall.s vn Arl (3 vols.. Boston. 187.'i-8-2). Under sudden derangement he committed suicide on the Isle of Shoals. Scptcmlier 8. 1879. His work is fine in color, and masterly in execu- tion. At first he showed a preference for figure subjects— peasants, children, flower-girls, and Parisian tvpes. In portrait painting his aim was to represent the character of the person, even at the expense of finish in the accessories. His later subjects were principally landscapes, in which he showed largeness of style and vigor of execution. Among his most important figure subjects are: "Head of a .Jewess;" "Sbeep Shearing at Bar- bizon;" "The Farmers' Return;" "The Fortune- teller;" "The Prodigal Son." The Boston Mu- seum contains a niimlier of his works: "fiirl with the Kitten," "(irl Reading," "Peasant Oirl at Barbizon," '-.Marguerite," "Hurdy-Gurdy Boy," and a portrait of the artist. His por- traits include those of Chief .Justice Gray, Mrs. F. G. Ward. Mrs. Charles Francis .Adams. Mrs. G. W. Long. William H. Gardiner, and William M. Evarts. .Among his landscaDcs are: "Glouces- ter Harbor." "Newton Lower Falls," "Coast Scene at Magnolia. Mass.." and "Dead in the Snow." His most ambitious works, the "Flight of Night," and other decorations in the Capitol at Albany, were executed in 1878, not long before his death. HtJNTEN, hnn'tfn. Fmil (1827-1902). A German l)attlc painter, born in Paris. He was a pupil of Flandrin and Vernet; later studied in Antwerp under Wappers and Dyckmans. and after settling at Diisscldorf received further in- struction from Camphausen. His first picture of importance was the "Charge of Cuirassiers of the Time of Frederick II." He was with the army in Schleswig (1804). accompanied the Army of the Main in IRfifi. and provided illustrations for a history of that campaign. Manv of his other works illustrate episodes of the Franco-Prussian and the Seven Years' wars. HUNT'EB, UAVin (1802-80). An American soldier, bora in W ashinglon. D. C. He graduated at West Point in 1822, and from 1833 to 1836 served as captain of dragoons in the far West. He held the rank of major throughout the Mcxiian War, entered the Civil War as colonel of the Sixth Cavalry, and headed the Second Division of the Army of the Potomac at the first battle of Bull Run, where he was severely wounded. He was afterwards promoted to be a major-general of volunteers ( 1801 ) ; commanded the Western Dci>artment, and the Department of Kansas; was then appointed head of the South ern Department, and was the first to enlist colored troops. He gave a premature order in 1802 for the manumission of slaves in Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina, which President Lincoln countermanded, but the Confe<lerate Congress outlawed the author. In 1804 Hunter was h.'ad'of the Department of West Virginia, and led 18,000 men to an unsuccessful attack upon Lvndiburg, leaving the valley of Virgini.i exposed' by his retreat. General (Jrant defended his reputation when it was attacked. Hunter presided at the court which tried the conspira- tors in the assassination of Lincoln. At the close of the war he was brevetted Brigadier and .Major-Gcneral in the Regular Army. HUNTER, JCdwauii (1839—). An American soldier, born at Gardiner, Me. He graduated at West Point in 1805. was commissioned in the Army as second lieutenant of the Twelfth In- fantry. L'. S. A. In 1807-09 he was aide-de-camp to General Gettv at Santa FC-, N. M.. and par- ticipated in the battle of December 25. 1808, against the .Arapahoe and Cheyenne Indians. Transferred to the First Cavalry, U. S. A., in 1870, until 1880 he served in California, Nevada, Washington, and Montana, and in 1879 was pro- moted to be captain. In 1888 he became major and judge-advocate, and as such served in the Division of the Pacific and the l>partmcnt of California from 1889 'to 1895. He was made lieutenant-colonel in 1895, and served as deputy judge-advocate in the Department of Dakota untn 1898, and in that year went with General Brooke to Porto Rico as judge-advocate and mustering olTicer. In 1899 he was appointed judge advjicjite of the Department of the Pacific. HUNTER, .John (1728-93). A celebrated English physiologist and surgeon, born at Long Cafderwood', Glasgow, Scotland, the youngest of • ten children. .After a deficient primary educa- ^ tion he was apprenticed to a cabinet-maker: but in 1748 he began to make up deficiencies in his education, and applied himself to an.ntomy under his brother's tuition. He studied under Chesel- den at Chelsea Hospital, and under Pott between 1749 and 1753. and at Oxford from 1753 to 1754; became a hospital pupil in surgery in 1754, and was made house surgeon at Saint George's Hospital in 1750. He joined the Army as staff surgeon, serving in France and Portugal from 1701 to 1703: practiced surgery in London from 1703: was made a Fellow of the Royal So ciety in 1707: became surgeon to Saint George"- Hospital in 1708: surgeon extraordinary to the King in 1770; and ileputv surgeon-ceneral to tli> Armv in 1780. He received the Copley medal from" the Roval Society in 1787. He was a man of great industry, the boldest and best operative surgeon of his' day. as well as the greatest anatomist known, and a mar'elou9 zoologist