Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 10.djvu/367

* HUMPBACKED SALMON. 315 HUMPHREY CLINKEB. three to six pounds, and is distinguishable by the small size of the scales and by the oblong coarse markings on the tail. It is occasionally seen in California and in the Columbia Kivcr, but is couiuion from Puget Sound nortlnvanl, where it is the 'dog-salmon' or 'gorhuscha' of Alaska ; also called "haddo' and 'hay-ko' by the Indians, who smoke-dry it. and use it as winter food. See S.vlmo.-<; and Plate of Salmon. The term humpbacked is applied to other fishes, having an elevated dorsal outline, espe- cially an Alaskan whitelish (Coregonus Nelsoni). HUMPED CATTLE, or Zeiiu. The common domestic cattle of India and the Ea.st, known in books as "zebu' or "zubr,' but not so called any- where in the Orient. It seems to be a distinct species (lios Iiiflicus), of which no wild examples remain. Certain bands of these cattle running wild have, however, ranged the forests of Eastern India for hundreds of years, and are large, long- horned, and shy. In addition to the enormous hump on tlie fore shoulders, the.se cattle show some convexity of the forehead, concavity of the upper border of the short horns, large drooping cars, and a very large dewlap. In size and color they vary considerablj-. The most common colors are ash- giay or creamy bufl', but red, brovn, black, and even white ones are seen. A certain number of white bulls are held sacred by the Hindus, whence the name 'Brahminy,' often given to the entire race; and these wander about, de- vastating crops and feeding upon the vegetables exposed for sale in the bazaars without .serious interference. The humped cattle are diffused over India, China, the Asiatic islands, Mada- gascar, and the east coast of Africa. There are many breeds. ditTering much in size: the largest are greater than any oxen of Europe, while the smallest are not much bigger than a large ma-s- tiff. The hump of the largest breeds is said to be sometimes .50 pounds in weight. English residents in India esteem the hump as delicious for the table. There are hornless breeds, ami a breed with two fatty humps, one behind the other, is common in the vicinity of Surat. The voice resembles the grunting of the yak, almost as nearly as the lowing of the ox. The zebi is used in India both as a beast of draught and of- burden, is yoked in the plow, is occasionally used for riding, and can travel from twenty *o thirty miles a day, and is very gentle and docile. In recent years they have- been introduced into .Tamaica in considerable numbers, and are used on the large banana estates. Gall.v Ox, or Slxoa. A breed of humped cattle domesticated in East Africa, and most common in Abyssinia, remarkable for its massive horns, which sometimes form the figure of an upright lyre above its head. A sunga's horn may be 46 inches long, and 1.5 inches around the base. This variety was known in ancient , Egypt, and has been reganled as the parent I stock of the Indian breeds of humped cattle; while Elyth finds in it an affinity to the ban- tcng. Consult Proceedings of the Zoological So- drill nf I,unih<n f London. 1808). HUMPERDINCK, hi.im'per-dink. Exgelbert (18.54 — ). A Ccrman composer, critic, and teach- er, born in Siegbjirg. near Bonn. He was study- ing to become an architect at Cologne, when he came under the influence of Hiller (q.v.K and was persuaded to devote himself to music. Few of his native contemporaries have been more for- Vol.. X.— JI. tunate or successful in securing recognition for their work and talents. At the age of twenty- six he was an intimate friend of the Wagner family at Bayreuth, and for the two or three years immediately preceding the great master's death was his especial prot^gC; besides which he was the instructor of Siegfried Wagner, and was selected because of his intimate knowledge of the composer's ideas, to write the pianoforte arrange- ments of Wagner's music dramas, and to assist in the preparation of I'arsifal for the public stage. Ue is better known throughout Europe generally, and America in particular, for his opera Uiinscl urid (Iretel (189.3)), which gahied for him a world-wide reputation. In 1902 an English dramatic version of Die Kbnigakinder (189G) was given in England and America under the title of The Children of the King, in which was retained the incidental music of the original German version. Humperdinck was educated largely at the Cologne Conservatory. He w'on the Mendelssohn prize in 1878, and the Meyerbeer prize in 1880. His principal teach- ing appointments were at the Barcelona (Spain) Conservatory (1885-86); Cologne (1887-881'; Frankfort, in which city he won the Mozart scholarship and also acted as concertmaster at the opera (1890-96). Other important composi- tions in addition to those already mentioned are: Dornriischen (1805); Die sicben Ceislein, a children's fairy story (1896) ; Symphony in C (1890); and incidental music to Der Richter von Zalamca (189C). During his stay in Frank- fort he served as musical critic on the staff of the Frankfurter Zeiiung, from which he retired in 1896, when he took up his residence at Bop- pard. His manner is somewhat Wagnerian, but his music is nevertheless strikingly original and pure. He is particularly happy in his musical treatment of folk-lore and fairy tales. In 1900 he was called to Berlin as member of the Acad- emy of Fine .rts and teacher of composition. HUMTPHRET, Hemax (1779-1861). An American Congregational clergyman and educa- tor. He was born in Connecticut; graduated at Yale in 180.5. and was pastor of the Congi'ega- tional church in Fairfield. Conn., from 1807 to 1817. and of that in Pittsfield, Mass.. from 1817 to 1823. He was president of Amherst College from 182.3 to 1845, during the infancj- of that institution. He was an early advocate of tem- perance, and a report of his on the subject made in 181.3 is said to have been the first temperance tract. Among his publications there are, be- sides biographies. The Hahbnth (1830) : Tour in France, Great Britain, and Belgium (1838) : and Domestic Education (1840). Con.sult: Z. M. Humphrey and Xeill. .Memorial Sketches of He- man and Sophia riutnphrey : and Tvler, Ei.ttorif of AmhrrRt College (Springfield. 1873). HUMPHREY, The Good Di-ke (1391-1447). Diike of Ciloueester and youngest son of Henry IV. He was Repent of England under Henry V. and Protector previous to the coronation of Henry W. He married .Jacqueline, heiress of Holland and Hainault. and in 1424 overran Hainault, which was recovered by the Duke of Brabant. Later he married Eleanor Cobham. who Has imprisoned for life for treason, and at the time of his death Humphrey himself was )uider simil.'ir charge. HUMPHREY CLINKER, The E.PEnmo:» OF. A novel in the form of letters, bv Tobias