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* HT7ME. 310 HUMERAL VEIL. eeptions. A true skeptic will be diffident of his philosophical doubts, as well as of his phil- osophical convictions." In ethics, lluino was a utilitarian. (See Utiijtari.xmsm.) Self-love cannot be the sole basis of reasonable action. 'CruciaJ experiments' render such a view impos- sible. Sympathy is a real principle in human nature, and rcllcctions on public interest and utility are the sole sources of the moral approba- tion paid to fidelity, justice, veracity, integrity. Svmpathy does the "work it docs Iwcause it is our pleasure "in other persons' pleasures and our dis- pleasure in their pains. Thus our own pleasure and pain are the springs of action, but they are not the ends of action. A complete edition of Hume's philosophical works was published by Green and Grose (4 vols., London, 1874T.i) : his rrratiae and two Knt/uiiics in two volumes by Stdby-Hipge (Ox- ford, 1889-04) ; his Histonj has appeared in al- most innumerable editions; his autobiography was edited by Adam Smith (London, 1777). Con- sult also; Burton, Life and Correspondence of David Hume ( Kdinburgh. 184(i) ; and Huxley, Dnrid Hume (London, 187!)), containing a popu- lar account of Hume's philosophical views. For tioatment of Hume's philosophy, consult: .Todl, Pariil /Iriwrs l.rlnr ron dcr lUKrnnlnix (Halle, 1S71); rileiderer, A'm/iinsniii.f iind SLcpsin in Valid Humes I'hilosniiliir (Berlin. 1S74): Mei- nong, Hume ■ Sludien (Vienna. 1877-82); Gi- zj'cki. Die Ethil; David Humes (Berlin, 1878); T. H. Green, Introduction to Hume, in Green and Grose's edition of Hume's works; also published as part of vol. ii. of Green's Worhs (Lon- don, 188")) : Knight, Hume (London, 1880) ; and the various histories of modern philosophy by Uebcrweg-Heinze, Falckenburg, HiJfTdiiig, and Windelband. HUME, H.MILT0N (17971803). An Austra- lian explorer, born in Paramatta in New South Wales. He is best known as leader with Howell of the crosscountry expedition of 1824, on which, when question aro.se as to the part he had taken in it, he wrote: A Brief Statement of Facts in Connexion with an Overland Expedition from hake Ceorfie to Fort Phillip, in the Year lS2/i (.3d ed. 1874), and, with Howell, Journe;/ of Discovfnj to Fort Phillip (1837). He accompa- nied Stiirt (q.v.) in his first exploration. A county in New Sovith Wales, a mountain range in Victoria, and a river, one of the largest tribu- taries of the Murray, bear the name of Hume. HUME, John. See Home, .John. HUME, .ToSEpn (1777-18,').'5). A British political reformer, born January 22. 1777, at Montrfse, Scotland. He was educated in the local schools of Montrose, and at the age of thirteen was apprenticed to an apothecary. He studied medicine, was admitted in 1706 a mem- ber of the College of Surgeons. Edinburgh, and became assistant surgeon in the marine service of the Kast India Company. He applied himself to the native languages, and during the Mahratta War. from 1802 to 1807. filled the office of Per- .'ian interpreter to the army. He also discharged duties connected with the prize agencies and the comrais.'sariat. and arrived in Kngland in 1808, with a fortune of £30,000 or £40,000. He spent some years in travel an< study, and published a blaiik-verse translation of Dante's Inferno in 1812. By purchase he entered the House of Com- mons in 1812 as Tory member of Parliament for the Borough of Weymouth and Melcoml)e Itegis. Ill 1818 he was elected for the Aberdeen district of burghs, comprehending his native town of .Mon- trose. In 1830 he had gaine a radical reformer that he was returned unopposed as one of the memliers for Sliddiesex, which he represented until 1837. In 1842 he was again chosen for his native burgh, Montrose, and re- mained until his death in the service of his fellow- townsmen. As leader of the Radical Party in the House of Commons, he usually found himself in active conflict with both Whig and 'lory governments, and at first was treated with con- temptuous tolerance. lie discovered the wide- spread conspiracy of the Orange lodges to make the Duke of t'uinberland King at W illiain IV. '» dcjith, and a tardy but sincere homage was paid to his integrity and public ser'ices by Sir Rob- ert Peel and other political opponents. He held various public ollices, was a prominent member and leader of several notable societies, and was twice elected lord rector of Aberdeen Univer- sity. He died February 20, 1855. HUME, Mautin Andrew Sharp (1847—). An English soldier and historian, long a resident of Spain. He was born in Londun, but was edu- cated at ^Madrid, was made Knight of the Spanish Order of Isabella the Catholic, in 1808, and editor of the Spanish State Papers in the Public Record Ofiice, London. He had active service with the Turks in 1878-79, and traveled widely in Africa and South America. Besides his Chronicles of Henry Mil. (1889), Courtships of Queen i:U:a- bi Ih (189G), and other Avorks on her period, lie wrote Spain, Its Greatness and Decay (1898) ; .Modem f!pnin (1809); and A History of the Spanish People (1901). HUME, or HOME, Sir Patrick (1041-1724). A Scottish statesman. Born at Pohvarth, Ber- wickshire, he was brought up a strict Presbyte- rian, and after a term of law study at Paris, he represented his native county in Parliament, where he at once took a foremost place as de- fender of the Covenanters. He went so far as to bring imprisonment upon him.self, and on being freed was suspected of complication in the Rve House Plot, so that he was forced to remain in hiding until he could escape in disguise to the Continent. There he joined the Duke of Argvll, and embarked with him on the unsuccessful ex- pedition to Scotland (1085). Hume became a refugee with a price set upon his head, but he once more escaped abroad, lived at Utrecht under an assumed name, and returned with William of Orange at the Revolution of 1088. With es- tates restored, he was now a Scottish peer. Lord PoKvarth; was made Lord Chancellor in 1696, and Earl of Marchmont in 1097. He strenuously opposed in Parliament the claims of the Old Pre- tender to the crown, and voted for the union of Scotland with Kngland. though he was not above the suspicion of having received a reward for so doing. Too dogmatic to be popular, he did not hold office in the United Kingdom till the reign of George I., when he was given some minor charges, but shortly retired. HUMERAL "VEIL (Lat. humerale. covering for the shoulders, from humerus, umrrus. shoul- der; connected with Gk. iptrK, 6mos, Goth, amsa, Skt. amsa. shoulder). An oblong veil of silk, either white or of the color prescribed for the