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* HUGGINS. 291 HUGHES. times received the Royal, the Copley, and the Rumford medals. Besides a number of orig- inal papers, he published, jointly with Lady Huggins, Ati Atlas of Representative Stellar Ifipeetra (1900), which received the Aetonian Prize of the Royal Institution. HUGH, hu (?-947). King of Provence and Italy. lie was the son of Lothair, Count of Aries, and after the death of Louis the Blind (923) became ruler of Provence. In 920 he was crowned King of Italy at Paris, by the subjects of Ru- dolph, who were in revolt. His attempts to make himself Emperor involved him in constant war. Lombardy was invaded by the Hungarians, and Bercngar finally drove him into Provence, where he died. HUGH, Saint (e.ll3.5-I200). Bishop of Lincoln. He was born at Avalon, near Pontchar- ra, Burgundy, on the border of Savoy, about 1135. His father was Lord of Avalon, but renounced the world when Hugh was eight years old and took his son with him into a monastery near Grenoble. In 1100 Hugh became a Carthusian monk at the Grand Chartreuse, and won .such high repute that he was called in 1175 by Henrj' II. of England to put in order a monastery of the Order at Witham, Somerset. His great suc- cess led to his election as Bishop of Lincoln in 1180. Every year he spent a little time in re- treat -in Witham jMonastery, but the rest of his time he lived the life of a busy and most efficient bishop. His moral courage made him fearless in resisting vmjust demands from King or peasant, and a charity which was boundless endeared him to the people. So while he lived he was held in universal esteem, and when he died in London, Xovember 16, 1200, he was not forgotten, and his tomb in Lincoln Cathedral became a place of pilgrimage. Consult his life in Latin edited bv Dimock (London, 1864) ; in English by Perry ("ib., 1879); Thurston (ib., 1898): Bramley (1901), in connection with memorial sermons on the 700th anniversary of his death (Lincoln, 1901) ; and by Charles Marson (London, 1901). HUGH CAPET, hii ka'pSt, Fr. HUGUES CAPET, ug ka'pa' (939-96). King of France from 987 to 996. He was a son of Hugh the Great, Count of Paris, and Hedwig. a sister of Otho the Great of Germany. Hugh Capet suc- ceeded his father as Count of Paris in 956. and became thereby the real ruler of the country, though the title of King still belonged to the Carolingians. When, in 987, Louis V., the last Carolingian King of France, died without heirs, Charles, Duke of Lorraine, claimed the throne by descent, but at a meeting of the nobles and prelates of the realm at Senlis it was declared that the crown was elective, and thereupon Hugh was chosen, and became the founder of the Ca- ])etian il nasty (q.v.). Charles of Lorraine was easily defeated in the contest which ensued. The rest of Hugh's life was passed in a kind of bor- der warfare against the great feudatories whose territories surrounded the royal domain. In 988 he had his son Robert elected and crowned as nis successor. HUGHENDEN, hfiVn-dm ( Hitchendan). A p.nri^h of Buckin;?hamshire, Eneland, amoti'j the Chiltern Hills, north of High Wyeombe (Vnp: Knirl.ind. F 5). It is noted for Hucrhenden Manor. Ions the residence of Benjamin Pisraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield. Earl and Lady Beacons- field are buried in the parish church, which con- tains a monument erected by Queen Victoria to the statesman's memory. Population, 1800. HUGHES, huz. Ball (1800-68). An Ameri- can sculptor. He was born in London, studied seven years with Edward H. Bailey, and won sev- eral important prizes at the Royal Academy. He also executed a bust and a statuette of George IV. In 1829 he came to New York and made a marble statue of Alexander Hamilton for the Merchants' Exchange. It was destroyed in the fire of 1835. He also made the high relief of Bishop Hobart, now in Trinity Church, New York City. Among his later works are a bronze statue of Dr. Nathaniel Bouditch, in Mount Auburn Cemeterj-, near Boston, a statuette of Gen. .loseph Warren, a bust of Washington Irv- irg, and a model for an equestrian statue of WaslAigton. HUGHES, David Edward (183I-I900). An English-American inventor. He was bom in London, but was earlj' brought by his parents to the United States, where he subsequently re- ceived his education at Bardstown College.Keu- tucky.. In 1850 he was made professor of music, and later of natural philosophy at that college. In 1855 he took out a patent for his first impor- tant invention — the printing telegraph, which bears his name. After his telegraph was adopted in the United States, he went to Europe (1857), where the instrument was successively adopted by France, Italy. England, Russia, Germany, Austria, Turkey, Holland, Belgium, Switzerland, and Spain. Among his other inventions and discoveries may be mentioned the microphone (1878) and the induction balance (1879). In lecognition of the great value of his services to commerce and the arts, medals and numerous titles of honor were bestowed upon him by vari- ous scientific bodies, and by the governments of nearly all the European States. His publications comprise a number of papers on electricity and magnetism, presented to the Royal Society (of which lie was a fellow), and to other societies. HUGHES, Hugh Price (1847-1902). A Brit- ish minister of the Wesleyan Church. He was born at Carmarthen, South Wales, and was edu- cated at L'niversity College. London, and the theological school in Richmond, Surrey. Obliged by the laws of his Church to move every three years, he left the charge he had taken at Dover in 1869 for Brighton, and was afterwards at Ox- ford, and in three diflTerent London churches be- fore he became stationary in the metropolis as superintendent of the West London Mission and editor of the Melhodi.it Timm (1885). He re- fused to accept from the mission a salary' greater than .$1500. and during the last year of his life, having received a small legacy, served gratui- tously. His publications include: Social Chris- riaiiihi (1889) : The Atheist Shoemaker (1SS9) ; The Philanthropy of Clod (1890): and Kthieal Christianity (1892). Con.sult rtn<ih Price Hurihes as Wr Knric linn (London. 19021. HUGHES, .John (1797-1864). . American prelate, first .Archbishop of New York: born in Annaloshan. County Tyrone. Ireland. Brought up in the northern or Protestant section of his native land, where Orange societies were rife, he earlv became imbued with the combative spirit which ever afterwards characterized him. His parents were poor, and could give him little