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* HTJAMBISA. 279 HUBBAED. Evidence of this admixture remains to-day, the Huambisa as well as the Jivaro and several other tribes of the region being fair-skinned and bearded. They are implacably hostile, both to the whites and to the neighboring Indians, whom they arc gradually driving from the region. HTJANACO, Inva-nii'ko. See Guaxaco. HI7ANCAVELICA, wan'ka-vale^a. A de- partment of Peru, bounded by the departments of Lima and .lutifn on the north, Aj-acueho on the east, lea on the south, and Lima on the west (Map: Peru, B 6). Area, 92.51 square miles. It belongs entirely to the region of the Cordilleras, and contains only a very small por- tion of land fit for agriculture. The mountains are rich in minerals, but little mining is carried on, since the roads are so poor that transporta- tion is rendered extremely difficult. Population, in 1S96, 223,796. The capital, Huancavelica, is situated in the northern part of the department at an altitude of over 12,000 feet, and has a population of about .3000. HTIANCAYO, wan ki'6. A tovn in the Peru- vian Department of .Junfn, situated on the river Mantaro. at an altitude of over 10,000 feet (Map: Peru, C 6). The Constitution promul- gated here in 1S39 remained in force till 1860. Populntion. about 5000. HTJAnTJCO, wii'nuko. A department of Peru, bounded by the Department of Loreto on the north and east, Junfn on the south, and Ancachs on the west. Area, 14,024 square miles (Map: Peru, B 5). It is exceedingly moun- tainous in the western part, with a general easterly slope toward the Ccayali River. It is watered by several streams, including the head- waters of the Amazon, and is covered to a large extent with thick forests. The climate is hot and moi.^t in the east, and cold in the mountainous regions of the west. The mountains are supposed to contain rich deposits of gold, silver, and quicksilver, but the lack of good roads prevents their exploitation. The population was estimated, in isitil. at 14.1,309. Capital, Huiinuco (q.v.). HUANtrCO. The capital of the Peruvian department of the same name, situated at an altitude of nearlj- 0000 feet, near the river Huallaga. 170 miles northeast of Lima (Map: Peru, B 5 ). It is the seat of a bishopric, and was. until 18.5.5, the capital of the Department of .hiniu. It was founded about 1543. About 35 miles west lies Hu:'inuco Viejo, an Inca town -ittled by the Spaniards in 1535, and now almost abandoned. Population of Huanuco, about 7500. HTJAEAZ, or HtTARAS, wii'r.is. Capital of the Peruvian Department of Ancachs, situated on the Huaraz River, and connected by rail with the coast ( Map : Peru, B 5 ). It has a cool and uniform climate; its streets are narrow and its houses plain; and the only noteworthy buildings arethe Government building, a hospital, a school, and two churches. Set in the wall of its cemetery isa very interesting collection of stones sculptured by the ancient Peruvians, and collected from the surrounding country. Population, about 17,000. HTJARTE, war'ta. .Juan de Digs (c. 1520- e. liiiMii. A Spanish phj'sician and philosopher, born in Navarre. He wrote a curious book on phrenology, KxAtnen de ingenios para las sciencias (1578), which was extremely popular, and was translated into several European languages — into English as A Trial of Wits. Some of his theories on education are very enlightened for the time, while others are fantastic in the extreme. HTJASCAB, was'kiir (c. 1495-1533). A Peru- vian ln<a. born in Cuzco. He was the legitimate lieir of Huayna Capac. but his father allowed him to inherit only half the kingdom, leaving the other half to a younger brother, Atahualpa. of a more fierce and warlike character, who coveted the whole. A battle between the rival claimants took place near Mount Chimborazo (1532), and Huascar was defeated, falling afterwards into the hands of his half-brother, who compelled him to look on while the women of the royal house- hold were tortured to death. The landing of the Spaniards was the beginning of the end for Atahualpa, whose dread that they might rein- state his brother caused him to have Huascar secretly drowned in the river of Andamarca. HXTASTECS, wiis'teks. A detached tribe of Mayan stock (q.v.), on the shores of the Gulf of Mexico along the Piinuco in the States of Vera Cruz and San Luis Potosf. The language contains more archaic forms than any other of the stock, bearing out the traditional and other evidences that the Huastecs were left behind in the southward migration of the Maya people. HTTAYNA CAPAC, wa-g'na kii'pak ( ?-1523). A Peruvi.Tn Inca, born in Cuzco. His reign be- gan in 14S3, and, being by that time an experi- enced soldier, he waged war against his neighbors till he had conquered the country as far north as Quito, including Pun:l Island. Ecuador, and as far south as Atacama, Chile. A ferocious war- rior, he cultivated also the peaceful art of road- making ( notably the highway between Tumbez, Pachacamac, and Cuzco), while it was the magni- ficence of the palaces he had built which .so im- pressed the first Spanish invaders. Huayna Ca- pac had a harem of more than 000 members, and he decreed that his legitimate heir should share the huge kingdom with a younger brother, which led to the internal dissensions that made it fall an ea-iv prey to Francisco Pizarro. HTT'BALDTJS. See HtCBALD. HUBAY, 1i5o1m)-J. .Jeno (1858—). An Hun- garian violinist, born at Budapest. He studied the iolin with .Joachim in Berlin, and in 1876 began to give concerts in Hungary, and later in Paris. He was chief violin professor at the Brussels Conservatory (1882), and at the Budapest Con- servatory (1886), succeeding his father. Charles Hubay. who was also a well-known violinist. As a composer he ranks high, his operas Der Geigcn- macher ron Cremona (1893), Alienor (1892). and the Hungarian .1 falu rdzsa (1896) being especially noteworthy. HUBBARD, Elbekt (1859—). An American writer, and maker of fine books, born in Bloom- ington. III. He made himself widely known as the originator and proprietor of the Roycroft Shop, in East Aurora. N. Y., founded for the avowed purpose of reWving the old handicrafts, particularly that of artistic book-making. He also originated the Philistine, a periodical char- acterizeil by a curious jumble of shrewd but gen- erally kindly philosophy which is sometimes marred by vulgarity and personal vilification. His other literary work includes a series of bio- graphical sketches published under the caption. Little Journeys; several pamphlets, such as A