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* HOWARD. 270 HOWARD. his communication with Mary, Queen of Scots. The family honors, however, were restored, partly by James I., to his gramlsoii. jimJ partly by (Jliarles II., to liis gieatgrcatgraudsoii, Tliomas, who became eighth Duke, and whose cousin and successor, Charles, ninth Duke, was the direct oncestor of the present Duke of Norfolk. In one or other of their widespread branches, the Howards either have enjoyed within the last three centuries, or still enjoy, the earldoms of Car- lisle. Suffolk, Berkshire, Northampton, Arundel, X ieklow. Norwich, and KHin;;hani. and the baronies of Hiiidon, Howard de Walden, Howard of Castle Rising, and Howard of Kllinghain. Among the other distinguished members of the family. Sir Kdward Howard, brother of the first Karl of .Surrey, was made by Henry VIII. King's standard-bearer and admiral of the fleet, in which capacity he lost his life in boarding a French vessel off Brest in 1.513; his brother, Sir Edmund, acted as Marshal of the Horse at riiidden, and his half-brother, Sir Thomas Howard, was attainted, and died a ])risoncr in the Tower, for aspiring to the hand of Lady Margaret Douglas, daughter of Mar- garet, Queen of Scotland, and niece of Henry VIII., one of whose ill-fated consorts was Lady Catharine Howard. Consult: Collins, Peerage of England(5i od., London, 1770) ; Dugdale, Baron- age of England (London. 1075-76) ; Doyle, Offi- cial Baronage of England (London, 188(!) ; How- ard, Memorials of the lIou<trd Family (privately printed, 1834) ; Lodge, Portraits of Illustrious i'ersonagcs (London, 1835). HOWARD, BEN-.TAMIN Chew (1791-1872). An Anierican statesman, born at Belvedere, Md., son of John Eager Howard. Kevolutionarj' oflicer, and grandson of Cliief .Tusti<e Benjamin Chew. He was educated at Princeton (1800). studied law, and practiced in Baltimore. In 1814 he was active in the defense of the city, and he fought at North Point. He was a United States Repre- sentative (1820-3."?, 1833-39). became head of the Committee on Foreign Relations, and wrote its report on the boundarj- question. For twenty years he was reporter of the United States Supreme Court. He was nominated for Governor of his State in 18fil, but withdrew his name. In the same j'ear he was delegate to the Peace Con- gress. His Reports of Cases in the fltipremc Court of the United States from IH'iS till i855 was published in the latter year. HOWARD, BL.NcnK Willis (1847-08). An American novelist, bom in Bangor, Maine. She was educated in New York City, but dwelt after 1878 in Stuttgart, where she taught and wrote. In 1800 she married Baron von Teuffcl. a physician. The more noteworthv of her noveU are: One Summer (1875) : Aunt'Serena (1880) ; Ouenn (1882) ; Aulnag Tower (1880) ; The Open Door (ISSOt: ^'o Heroes (1803), a story for boys; A Felloire and Ilis ^Vife, in collaboration with William Sharp (1892) : a volume of short stories. Seven oti the Highway (1807); the posthumously published Dionysius the Weaver's Heart's Dearest (1890), and Carden of Eden (1900). She wrote also a book of travel. One Year Ahrond (1877). HOWARD, Bronson (1842—). A well-known American dramatist, born at Detroit. He pre- pared for college at New Haven, but instead of entering Yale, turned to journalism in New- York. From 18C7 to 1872 he worked on several newspapers, among them the Evening Mail and the Tribune. So early as 1804 he had written a dramatic piece called Fantine, which was played in Detroit, but his lirst important play was Saratoga, produced by Auguslin Duly in 1870. It was very successful, and became the first of the long series of pieces which gave Mr. Howard a foremost position among American playwrights. Among his other best-known plays are; The JSunker's Daughter (1878); Old Love Letters (1878); Young' Mrs. Winthrop (1882); One of Our (Jirls ( 1885) ; The Henrietta ( 1887) ; Shenandoah (1880); and Arisloirucy (1892). In 1809 he collaborated with Brandcr ^Matthews in Peter Stuyvesant. Aristocracy, which is a satire upon some features of Anglomania in American society, has been called its author's best play, though the war drama of Shenandoah is more ambitious, and Old Lore Letters, in quito a different line, is an inimitable bit of senti- mental comedy. Mr. Howard married a sister of Sir Charles Vyndliain, the English actor, ami he made his home in both New York and London, where some of his plays have been no less popu- lar than in America. HOWARD, Catharine (1520-42). Fifth wife of Hcnrj' 'III. .She was a daughter of Edmund Howard, tliird son of the Duke of Norfolk. The King married her soon after the divorce of Anne of Cleves, in 1540. iShe was accused of immoral conduct before her marriage, and of suspicious conduct after it. After a trial, in which her guilt seems to have been established, she was beheaded with Lady Rochfort, who had connived at her intrigues, February 13, 1542. Consult Froudc. History of England, vol. iv. (London, 1858). HOWARD, George Elliott (1849—). An .Vmerican educator and author, born at Saratoga. N. Y. lie graduated at the University of Ne- braska in 187fi, studied at the universities of Munich and Paris in 1876-78, and was professor of history in the University of Nebraska from 1879 to 1801. From 1801 "to 1901 he was the head of the history department and professor of . ierican and institutional history at the Leland Stanford, .Junior, University, and in 1002 gave special courses in historj' at Cornell University and the I^niversity of Wisconsin. In 1885-01 he was secretary of the Nebraska State Histurical Society. His writings, in addition to contrilni- tions to professional and other magazines, in- clude: Local Constitutional History of the United States (1889) ; The Evolution of the University (18001; and The King's Peace and the Local Peace Magistracy (1891). HOWARD, Geohoe William Frederick. See CwiLlsiK, seventh Earl of. HOWARD, Henbt. See Surrey, Earl of. HOWARD, .Lvcon Merritt (1805-71). . American legislator, born at Shaftsburj'. Vt. He gr.aduatcd at Williams College in 1830. studied law, and began to practice in Detroit, Mich. He was a mcmlier of the .State Legislature in 1838, and in 18(0 was elected to Congress as a ^ATiig, in which partv he was^an active campaign worker in 1844, 1848". and 1852. He took a prominent part in bringing about a coalition of the Miigs and Free-Soil Democrats in 1854: was the author of the platform drawn up at ft State convention of the two parties held at Jackson, Mich., on