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* HOOK. 193 HOOKER. urcr at Mauritius, with a salary and allowances amounting to nearlj- £2000 a year. Tliese offices he held till 1S18, wlimi the iliscoverv of a de- ficiency of £02,000 in the military chest caused him to be arrested and sent to England, and his efTects seiz<?d and sold. The peculation, it after- wards appeared, had been committed by a clerk, who eommitted suicide. On obtaining his libert.v. Hook supported himself by writing for the news- papers and magazines, and on the establishment of John Hull, a weekly Tory newspaper, in 1820, he was appointed its editor. From his connec- tion with this bold, clever, and virulent print he derived during its prosperous state fully £2000 a year. In .ugust. 182.3. he was arrested for his debt to the Crown, and his property sold. He remained within the rules of the King's Bench till Jlay, 1825, when he was released from cus- tiidy. In 1824 appeared, in three volumes, the first series of his Sayings and Doings, which yield- ed him £2000. A second series followed in 1825, and a third in 1828, for each of which he seems to have received about 1000 guineas. Several other three-volume novels followed in rapid succes- sion — Maxicell; Love and Pride; Gilbert diirney, which contains a sort of autobiography of him- self; Jack Brag; BirlJis, Deaths, and Marriages; and Gurney Married. He died August 24, 1841. Hook's novels are sketches of contemporary man- ners, and as such they possess value. Exceeding- ly popular in their own day, they are now diffi- cult reading, for the witty thrusts are no longer obvious. Hook himself wa.s regarded by his later contemporaries as a jester. He is the original of Lucian Gay in Disraeli's Coningsby, and is introduced in Vanity Fair as Mr. Wagg. The better side of his character is given by Lock- hart in the Quarterly Review, vol. xxii. (London, 1845). Consult: Humorous Works (London, 1873). and Barham, Life and Remains of Hook (London, 1840; revised 1899). HOOK, V.LTER Farquh.-vr (1798-1875). An English dean and ecclesiastical historian. He was the nephew of the humorist Theodore Hook, and the son of Dr. .Tames Hook, Dean of Wor- cester. He was born in London, graduated 51. A. at Christ Church. Oxford, in 1824, and received the degree of D.D. in 1837. He took holy orders in 1821, and after holding curacies in the Isle of Wight and in Birmingham, was Vicar of Holy Trinity, Coventry, from 1828 to 1837. when he liecanie imunibeiit of Leeds. Here by his tact and resourcefulness he overcame strenuous opposition on the part of Dissenters and among the working classes, who objected to compulsory Church rates, won great popularity; and in 1859. when he be- came Dean of Chichester, left I^ecds richer by 21 new churches. 29 vicarages, and 27 schools. From !S27 he was chaplain-iu-ordinary to George 1'., William IV., and Victoria, on the accession of the latter preaching in the Chapel Royal his famous sermon, "Hear the Churcli," of which 28 editions, nvunbering over 100,000 copies, were sold in a short time. Its great vogue was due to the original enunciation of the fact that the Anglican Church of the sixteenth century was a reformed church and a return to th" early English Church founded by the Apostles. At Chichester he wrote his most important work, lAves of the Archbishops of Canterbury (12 vols., 1860-76). Besides sermons and devotional works he published: A Church Dictionary (1842; 14th ed. 1887) ; and Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Biog- raphy (8 vols., 1845-52). His memory is per- petuated in Leeds by a handsome (Jolliic me- morial church, completed in 1880. Consult Stephens, Life and Letters of Dean Hook (Lon- don. 1878). HOOKE, Xatiiamel ( 109O7-1703). A Brit- ish historian, born in Ireland. He .studied law, but practiced literature, beginning with a trans- lation of the Life of Fenelon (172.5), and An Ac- count of the Conduct of the Dowager Duchess of Marlborough (1742), taken down from her dicta- tion, and ending with a Roman History from the Building of Rome to the Ruin of the Common- wealth (4 vols., 1738-71), the latter half of which was not published till after his death, while the latest edition (0 vols.) came out in 1830. Hooke was the friend of many prominent characters of his time, including Pope. HOOKE, Robert (1G35-1703). An Engli.sh physicist. He was born on the Isle of Wight, and was educated at Westminster School, and at Christ Church, Oxford. He assisted Boyle in the construction of his air-pump, and in 1662 was appointed curator of experiments to the Royal Society. In 1664 he became professor of geometry in Gresham College, London. In 1607 he was appointed city surveyor, though his model for rebuilding the city of London after the great fire of 1066 had not been adopted. From 1677 to 1682 he was secretary to the Royal Society, Though a man of extraordinary acuteness of per- ception and inventive genius, Hooke did not al- ways enjoy the esteem of his contemporaries, owing to his peevish and excitable temper. He claimed priority — in many cases justly — to some of the most important discoveries and inventions of the time, and authorities admit that he was the first to recognize clearly that the problem of planetary motion should be treated as a purely mechanical one. He undoubtedly grasped the fundamental principle upon which Newton sub- sequently constructed the theory of gravita- tion; he failed, however, to develop it mathe- matically. Among his important inventions were the use of the balance spring for the reguhition of watches, and many iseful improvements in physical and astronomical instruments. His pub- lications include: Micrographies (1606); the Lcctiones Cutlerinncr (1678-79"); and his Post- humous Works (1705). HOOKE, William (1001-78). An English clergAnnan, domestic chaplain to Oliver Crom- well. He was bom in Southampton, was edu- cated at Oxford, and after one charge in Devon- sliire went to . ierica. and took charge of a church at Taunton, ilass. (1037-44). His next congrega- tion was in New Haven, but he returned to Eng- land in 1050. and as his wife was Cromwell's cousin, the Protector made him master of the Savoy Hospital in Westminster, also his own chaplain. Some of Hooke's sermons were pub- lished, as well as his .Yrir England's Tears for Did Exaliind'x Fears (1040). HOOK'EB, Mm-N-T, One of the loftiest peaks of the Rocky Mountains in Canada, situated near the boundary of British Colundiia and .lbcrta (Map: Northwest Territories. F 4). It has an estimated elevation of 15.700 feot. HOOKER, .TosEPH (1814-79). A distinguished -Vmerican soldier. He was horn at Hadley. Mass., November 13, 1814; graduated at West Point in